Orthotic Devices/Gait Analysis
What is one factor that plays into "normal foot alignment"?
1. Metatarsal heads are in same plane with each other & the ground
2. Calcaneus is centrally located below the leg & perpendicular to the floor; both condyles flat on floor
3. Talus is neutral
4. Medial border of the foot is in straight line from heel to big toe
5. Toes are flexible and straight
6. Medial longitudinal arch is visible and a smooth, gentle curve
7. Normal ankle ROM (-10 to 65 degrees)
8. Muscles have good tone and strength
9. Weight is evenly distributed throughout foot & metatarsal heads are on floor
10. The foot is asymptomatic
Which type of diabetes is detected usually as a child/adolescent, when the pancreas produces little to no insulin?
Type 1 Diabetes
What method should be used to assess an accurate core temperature?
104 degrees
Rectal temperature
17-20 ounces
Name one physiological effect of smokeless tobacco
Decreased cognitive function
Higher Anxiety levels
Higher blood pressure and heart rate
How many arches are in the foot and what are their functions as a whole?
4 arches
Provide shock absorption of the foot
How does heat/cold affect insulin?
Heat: speeds up insulin absorption
Cold: slows insulin absorption
Which heat exchange method is completed through direct physical contact with other objects, resulting in heat loss and heat gain? Give an example.
What is conductive heat exchange
What percentage of the daily calorie intake should be carbohydrates?
45-65%
How many drinks during a 2 hour period defines binge drinking for women?
4 or more
What is Pes Cavus?
High, rigid arches during weight bearing
What is a normal (fasted) glucose level?
60-100 mg/dL of blood glucose
What are two ways to prevent heat loss?
Hydration/Maintaining Weight Records
Gradual Acclimatization
Identifying Susceptible Individuals
Monitoring Heat Index
If an athlete weighs in at 150 pounds before practice, then weighs 145 after practice, how many pounds does the athlete need to gain in order to participate in the next practice?
2 pounds
150 pounds x .02= 3 pounds
150-3=147
145+2=147
What is one physiological effect of vaping?
Increased Heart Rate, Blood Pressure
Increased risk of asthma
Dehydration, sore throat, dry mouth
1
What is the difference between a basal and bolus insulin injection?
Basal: regular insulin administration throughout the day
Bolus: to counteract meals
Commonly known as heat collapse, this condition is defined as rapid physical fatigue during overexposure to heat.
Also state how to assist a patient with this condition.
Heat syncope
Lay athlete down in cool environment, elevate legs, replace fluids (oral or intravenously)
In what type of foods would we find dietary fiber?
Found in oatmeal, legumes, and some fruits, as well
as whole grain breads and bran cereals
What is one performance effect of smoking cigarettes?
Lower oxygen consumption than non=smokers
Less oxygen from lungs to blood to muscles = decreased performance
Increased recovery time following activity
Increased heart rate
What are the names of the 4 Structural Arches in the foot?
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Transverse Arch
Metatarsal Arch
Overhydration (drinking large volume of water)
Excessive sweating, with only water replacement
When assessing outdoor temperature/humidity, what is the best tool to use and how does it work?
Sling psychrometer
Dry Bulb & Wet Bulb, spin psychrometer for 15-20 seconds, repeat until WB temp does not change between readings, slide psychrometer back together and line up WBT/DBT, the arrow points to relative humidity
Which type of vitamin is possible to consume toxic amounts?
Fat Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K)
I am going to a holiday party with an open bar and decide to consume the following:
2- 8oz glasses of wine
1- 12oz bottle of beer
3- Vodka & Cranberry's with 2oz of vodka each
3- Tequila shots that are 2oz each
How many "drinks" am I actually having?
12 drinks
Wine: 5oz pour
Beer: 12oz can/glass/bottle
Spirits: 1.5oz pour