Atomic Structure
What is the definition of an atom?
The fundamental building block of all matter
What is an ion?
An atom that has gained or lost electrons giving an unbalanced charge
What is the periodic table?
A list of all known elements
What are the 2 main categories that elements can be sorted into on the periodic table?
Metallic and Non-metallic elements
Define an element.
A substance made up of only 1 atom
What is the maximum number of electrons that can fit in the first 3 shells of an atom?
2, 8, 8
If an atom gains electrons to fill the outer shell, what has it become?
Negatively charged ion
What are the columns of the periodic table called?
Groups
What are 3 properties of metallic elements?
Malleable, ductile, conducts heat and electricity
Define a molecule.
A cluster (2 or more) of atoms that makes up an element or a compound
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons in an atom
If an atom loses electrons to fill the outer shell, what has it become?
Positively charged ion
How many elements are on the periodic table?
118 elements
What are 3 properties of non-metallic elements?
Insulators, brittle when solid, dull when polished
Define a compound.
Made up of two or more different types of atom chemically joined
What does atomic mass represent?
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
When do ionic bonds form?
When atoms share electrons
What are the rows of the periodic table called?
Periods
What are the 6 noble gases?
Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon
Define a pure substance.
A material that is only composed of one type of particle
How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
What is the force of attraction that holds positive and negative ions together called?
Ionic bond
How many periods are there on the periodic table?
7 periods
What makes the 6 noble gases different from the other elements?
They have full outer shells
Define a mixture.
Made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically