Atomic Structure
In the nuclear symbol notation zAX, index A represents this value.
mass number
Atoms of the same element always contain the same number of this subatomic particle.
Protons
The process of combining lightweight nuclei to form higher mass nuclei, which serves as the primary energy source powering stars.
Nuclear fusion
This subatomic particle is identical to a beta particle
electron
The time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.
Half-life
This chemical element, atomic number 79, has the symbol Au, which derives from the Latin word aurum.
Gold
Protons and neutrons together are classified as these subatomic particles found in the nucleus
nucleons
Isotopes of the same element have identical numbers of protons and electrons, but differ in their number of these.
neutrons
The splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into lighter nuclei, typically releasing energy and free neutrons.
nuclear fission
Beta particles carry this electrical charge
-1
Name an application of how we use half-lives in science.
Carbon dating, Medicine
This fundamental force of nature keeps planets in orbit around stars and causes objects to fall toward Earth.
Gravity
The overall charge of an ion with 6 protons and 4 electrons.
+2
Chromium-50 and Chromium-54 both contain ____ protons, and ____ and ____ neutrons.
24 protons
Cr-50 = 26 neutrons
Cr-54 = 30 neutrons
This type of radiation results in a new element being formed and the emission of a helium nucleus.
Alpha decay
Of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, which are the two that are composed of actual physical particles rather than pure electromagnetic energy.
alpha and beta
Starting with 1 kg (1000 g) of an isotope with a half-life of 20 seconds, this many half-lives pass after 80 seconds.
4 half-lives
Before winning six NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls, Michael Jordan played college basketball for this ACC university.
University of North Carolina (UNC)
Rutherford’s famous experiment that led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus, disproving the plum-pudding model.
Gold Foil Experiment
An element is found to have 2 stable isotopes with masses of 64.93 amu (69.15%) and 62.93 amu (30.85%). What element is this?
Copper (Cu)
This type of decay happens when a neutron spontaneously turns into a proton, changing the element and emitting this particle as a result.
Beta decay
What numerical charge does an alpha particle carry?
+2
Starting with 1000 g of a sample with a 20-second half-life, this mass in grams remains after 120 seconds.
15.625 g
Construction began in 1961 on this concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided a major European city until its fall in 1989.
The Berlin Wall
Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called ____________.
isotopes
An unknown element has 2 isotopes one has a mass of 35 amu (75%) and the other 37 amu (25%). What element is this?
Chlorine
This type of radioactive decay has no affect on the mass of the nucleus or atomic number.
Gamma decay
What some applications of nuclear reactions that are used?
Radiotherapy, PET Scans, nuclear reactors/weapons, sterilization of produce, etc.
A synthetic isotope with a half-life of 27.7 days decays from 600 g down to 75 g. This is the number of half-lives that have elapsed.
3 half-lives
This ancient civilization, centered in modern-day Peru, constructed the citadel of Machu Picchu in the 15th century.
The Incas