Structure of Atom
Binding Energy
Radioactive Decay
Half-life
Fission and Fusion
100
This kind of particle has an imbalance of electrons and protons.
What is an ion?
100
Define binding energy.
The energy released when nucleons bind together to form a stable nucleus.
100
This kind of radiation has no electric charge associated with it.
What is gamma radiation?
100
The half-life of an isotope is one day. At the end of two days the amount that remains is A) None B) One half C) One quarter D) One eighth E) None of these
C) One quarter
100
Electrical forces inside a nucleus contribute nuclear: A) Stability B) Instability C) Both of these D) None of these
B) Instability
200
The nucleus of an atom has these two particles.
What are protons and neutrons?
200
Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to: A) hold it together B)Push it apart C) Neither of these
B) push it apart
200
Of the main types of radiation emitted from naturally radioactive isotopes, which is the most penetrating?
Gamma radiation
200
A radioactive material initially is observed to have an activity of 800 counts/s. If 4 hours later it is observed to have an activity of 200 counts/s, what is its half-life?
2 hours
200
In order to adequately control a chain reaction, it is necessary to have within the fissionable material a nonfissionable material that _________ neutrons.
A) Contributes B) Absorbs C) Emits D) Reflects
300
Most alpha particles fired at a gold foil pass through undeflected because the: A) Electric field is zero inside the gold B) Gold atoms, unlike most other metal atoms, are relatively far apart C) Atoms of gold, like any others, are mostly empty space D) Net charge of the gold atoms is zero E) None of these
C) Atoms of gold, like any others, are mostly empty space
300
Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its A) Stability B) Instability C) Neither stability nor instability
B) Instability
300
True or False: It's impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle.
True
300
The half life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. If a 1-gram sample of old carbon is 1/8 as radioactive as 1-gram of a current sample, then the age of the old sample is about: A) 716 years B) 11500 years C) 17200 years D) 22900 years E) 46000 years
C) 17200 years
300
This nuclear process has a relatively low amount of radioactive by-products.
What is fusion?
400
Rutherford's experiments involving the use of alpha particle beams directed onto thin metal foils demonstrated the existence of which of the following? A) Neutron B) Proton C) Nucleus D) Positron
C) Nucleus
400
What is the binding energy per nucleon of Au-197 (c^2=931.5 MeV/u) if atomic masses are Au-197=196.966 u H-1=1.007825 mn=1.008665 u
7.9159 MeV/nucleon
400
Samples of two different isotopes, X and Y, both contain the same number of radioactive atoms. Sample X has half-life twice that of Y. How do their rates of radiation compare? A) X has greater rate than Y B) X has smaller rate than Y C) Rates of X and Y are equal D) Rate depends on atomic number, not half-life
B) X has smaller rate than Y
400
Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years. How many years will have elapsed when the radioactivity of a tritium sample has decreased to 10 percent of its original value?
41 years
400
Energy released by the sun results from the process wherein atomic nuclei: A) break apart B) combine c) both of these d) none of these
b) combine
500
The Bohr model of the atom is akin to a A) miniature solar system B) Blob of plum pudding, where raisins represent atomic nuclei C) Central heavy ball with lighter balls connected by springs D) All of these
A) miniature solar system
500
Calculate the binding energy of the O-16 nucleus. Atomic masses are O-16=15.994915.
127.62 MeV
500
A pure sample of Ra-226 contains 2.0x10^14 atoms of the isotope. If the half-life of Ra-226 is 1.6x10^3 years, what is the decay rate of this sample (in Curies)?
7.4x10^-8 Ci
500
If a fossil bone is found to contain one-eighth as much carbon-14 as the bone of a living animal, what is the approximate age of the fossil?
17, 400 years
500
A thermonuclear fusion reaction cannot be maintained in the oceans of Earth because: A) the temperature is not high enough B) the density is not high enough C) there is insufficient deuterium in the ocean D) the deuterium in the ocean is not radioactive
A) the temperature is not high enough
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