Atomic Structure
This particle has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom.
What is a proton?
The number of protons in an atom determines this atomic characteristic.
What is atomic number?
This is the average mass of atoms of an element, taking into account isotopes.
What is average atomic mass?
A term from Greek philosophy suggesting that at some tiney level, matter is not divisible.
A means of identifying the elements present using a lit lab burner.
What is a flame test?
This term refers to atoms of the same element with different masses due to varying numbers of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
This is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is mass number?
If carbon has 3 isotopes, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14, this is the most abundant isotope.
What is carbon-12?
The wave-mechanical model describes electrons as behaving like these two things.
What are both "energy" and "Matter?"
A way to identify elements present using excited gases in tubes and a lens like a prism.
What is spectral analysis?
This experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus after some alpha particles were deflected.
What is Rutherford's gold foil experiment?
This is the location of the atomic number in isotope notatation.
What is the lower left side?
If an element has a 50% abundance at a mass of 107 amu and 50% abundance at a mass of 109 amu, this is the element's name and average atomic mass.
Silver, 108
If an atom was as large as a soccer stadium, the nucleus and an electron would be as big as this.
What are: a piece of candy, and a housefly?
The number of electrons that would add up to the mass of just one proton or just one neutron.
What is 1836?
The particle discovered by JJ Thompson in 1897 through cathode-ray experiments.
What is the electron?
The mathematical process for determining the atomic mass written on the periodic table.
What is a weighted average?
Iodine has three natural isotopes. This is the average atomic mass of iodine if iodine-126 has a 17% abundance, iodine-127 has a 80% abundance, and iodine-128 has a 3% abundance. Show your work!
AAM = 126(0.17) + 127(0.80) + 128(0.03)
AAM = 21.42 + 101.6 + 3.84
AAM = 126.86 amu
According to this theory, only whole numbers of atoms can combine to form compounds.
What is Dalton’s atomic theory?
The collective term for all protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is "nucleons?"
The attraction that keeps electrons flying around protons outside the nucleus.
What is electrostatic force?
The two facts needed for all isotopes when calculating average atomic mass for an element
What are mass and percent abundance?
An element has 3 natural isotopes. Their % abundance and relative mass are as follows:
78.70% and 23.985 amu
10.13% and 24.986 amu
11.17% and 25.983 amu
This is the element and average atomic mass. Show your work!
AAM = 23.985(0.7870) + 24.986(0.1013) + 25.983(0.1117)
AAM = 18.8762 + 2.5311 + 2.9023
AAM = 24.31 = Magnesium
The behavior of most alpha particles in Rutherford's gold-foil experiment.
What is to pass through the foil unaffected?
A specific, discreet package of energy needed to excite an electron up to a higher level.
What is a quantum?