Development of Atomic Theory
Who was the first individual to state that atoms (or atomos) existed?
Who is Democritus?
This type of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelengths, lowest frequency, and lowest energy.
What are radio waves?
This term refers to atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and thus different masses.
What are isotopes?
The electron configuration for this element is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4. What element is this?
What is Sulfur (S)?
This family of elements, found in Group 1 of the periodic table, is known for being highly reactive and includes elements like sodium and potassium.
What are alkali metals?
John Dalton proposed that that all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, however, he was proven wrong. What drawback disproved his statement?
What is the discovery of the isotopes with different masses (number of protons and neutrons)?
This part of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible to the human eye and ranges from about 400 to 700 nanometers in wavelength.
What is visible light?
To calculate this for an individual element, you have to take into account the relative abundance (%) of its isotopes and their individual masses, expressed in this unit.
What is average atomic mass?
Elements in group #15 will do what to become stable?
What is gain 3 electrons?
This group of elements is known for having seven valence electrons and loves forming ionic compounds with group 1 metals?
What are halogens?
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment led to the discovery of a subatomic particle. It was the second particle discovered.
What is the existence of the proton?
In the electromagnetic spectrum, as the frequency of radiation increases, the wavelength _________, and the energy _________, as described by the equation E=h⋅f
The wavelength decreases and the energy increases.
If an element has two isotopes: one with a mass of 10.5 amu and an abundance of 62.5%, and another with a mass of 12.3 amu and an abundance of 37.5%, calculate the average atomic mass.
11.175 amu
Which of the following electron configurations represents an atom with a full outer shell, indicating stability?
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 B. 1s2 2s2 2p4
C. 1s22s22p3 D. 1s22s22p4
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6
There's a total of 8 electrons, which indicates stability.
Arrange the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius: Na, Mg, Al,P
P, Al Mg, Na
JJ Thompson is credited with the "plum pudding model" which was created after finding the first subatomic particle.
What is the electron?
The flame color we viewed during the flame test lab was due to electrons doing what?
What is falling back to the ground state (the energy level where the electron is supposed to exist)?
An element has three isotopes: Isotope A (mass = 14.1 amu, abundance = 50%), Isotope B (mass = 15.0 amu, abundance = 30%), and Isotope C (mass = 16.0 amu, abundance = 20%). Calculate the average atomic mass and identify the element on the periodic table.
The atomic mass is 14.75 amu, which is closest to Nitrogen
The following electron configuration is given:
1s22s22p63s23p64s24p3. Identify what is wrong with this electron configuration and explain your reasoning.
The error in this electron configuration is that electrons are filling in 4s subshell and the 3d subshell is not filled in. The order should be: 3p, 4s, 3d, and 4p.
Which of the following sets of elements share similar physical and chemical properties? Bonus point: What is the family name?
A) Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium
B) Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic
C) Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Fluorine
D) Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper
C) Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Fluorine
Family name: Halogens
The physicist, Heisenberg, is best known for his principle, which states that the position and momentum of an electron cannot both be precisely determined at the same time, fundamentally changing our understanding of atomic behavior. This led to us discovering ____________ where we now believe is the most likely place to find an electron.
What is an orbital?
Find the wavelength of a wave with a frequency of ν=3.44 x 109 Hz
What is 0.087m or 8.7cm
For the element chlorine, which has two primary isotopes: Chlorine-35 & Chlorine-37. Which isotope occurs most often? How do you know?
Chlorine-35: approximately 75% of isotopes
Chlorine-35 is closer to the avg atomic mass on the periodic table (35.4527)
Given the electron configuration [Kr]5s24d105p5, identify the element, its atomic number, and explain how you determined the number of valence electrons using the electron configuration only!
Iodine (I), the atomic number is 53, and the valence electrons are from the highest energy level 5s and 5p, so adding those up is 2 + 5 = 7.
Which of the following elements would have the largest atomic radius?
Mg, Al, O, Be
What is Mg?