Atomic Structure
The name for the positively charged particles within an atom.
Protons
This model is the current model that we use to discuss the structure of an atom.
Electron Cloud model
The name for the 1 or 2 letter abbreviations on the periodic table that stand for each element.
Chemical Symbol
An atom has 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons. What is the atomic mass?
16
8 protons + 8 neutrons = 16 amu
The only element that is normally found without any neutrons.
Hydrogen (H)
The name for the neutral, or uncharged, particles within an atom.
Neutrons
This model is used to easily count the electrons since they are in discreet orbital circles
Bohr model
The vertical columns are called
Groups / Families
An atom has 51 protons, and Mr. Sikes manages to take one away. What element has he now created, and what is that atom's charge?
He has created Tin (Sn) with 50 protons and 51 electrons, so it would be a negative ion
The modern day periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number. What was the original periodic table organized by?
Increasing atomic mass
The name for the negatively charged particles within an atom.
Electrons
This model was based on food and had a positive background with negative charged sprinkled throughout.
The Plum Pudding model, or J.J. Thomson's model
The horizontal rows are called
Periods
An atom has 40 electrons, how many neutrons does it have if the atomic mass is 91?
51 neutrons
40 electrons = 40 protons
91 amu - 40 protons = 51 neutrons
Lithium has 3 electrons. Do you think it is more likely to lose an electron or gain an electron when it undergoes a chemical reaction?
Lose an electron!
The name for the center of an atom.
Nucleus
The name of the Greek philosopher who coined the term "atom" AND what the word means.....
1. Democritus
2. Indivisible / cannot be cut
Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2 & Period 4. It shares more in common with which elements:
1. The elements in Group 2
or
2. The elements in Period 4
Group 2!
You wish you could turn your silver jewelry into gold. How many protons must you add to your silver in order to achieve this?
32 protons
Silver (Ag) w/ 47 protons
Gold (Au) w/ 79 protons
79-47 = 32 protons difference
How is an isotope different than a normal atom as expected?
It has a different number of neutrons
The name for the different places electrons can be present at.
Energy levels, or shells
In the Electron Cloud Model, we do not state the locations of electrons, but do what instead?
We discuss the probability of an electron being in a certain region.
What does the zigzag line on the periodic table mean?
It separates metals & Nonmetals (Metalloids are found above or below this line, and we will discuss this later)
The atomic mass of Potassium (K) is 39. If there are 18 electrons in a K1+ ion, how many protons and neutrons are there?
20 neutrons, 19 protons
Potassium (K) normally has 19 electrons to be balanced, and 19 protons. An atomic mass of 39 means there must be 20 neutrons left over.
The elements on the very right of the periodic table are very stable and do not often undergo chemical reactions. Why do you think this is true?
Because they have full electron energy shells, are are unlikely to create a new shell or to lose one from a full shell.