Subatomic Particles
The atomic number of an element tells you TWO things about an element
# of p and # of e
Reasoning: +p must be same as -e
Elements that are found on the left side of the periodic table, form compounds with elements on the far right side of the periodic table, are shiny, good conductors
Metals
Reasoning: this is the description for metals
Which statement is not true about the element pictured? A) Needs two more electrons to complete its outer shell. B) Element is negatively charged because it more electrons than protons. C) Highly reactive because it only needs two more electrons to have a full outer shell
B is FALSE
Reasoning: The element has 6 valence electrons so needs 2 more to be stable. Reactive because it only needs 2.
The charge of an atom if it has 23 protons, 14 neutrons, and 20 electrons.
What is +3?
Reasoning: + charge indicates that there are more +protons than -electrons
The nonmetal an ion of Ga+3 is MOST LIKELY to ionically bond with in a 1:1 ratio
(Pick one of the following: Ca , S , In , P)
P
Reasoning: Ga+3 would bond with a -3 ion and P has an oxidation number of -3.
Tell the atomic number and atomic mass of the element
9 = atomic number
19 = atomic mass
Reasoning: atomic # = # p
atomic mass = #p + #n
Elements that have qualities similar to both metals and nonmetals and are located on the "staircase" of the periodic table
Metalloids
Reasoning: this description is of metalloids
Name the element with 79 protons.
Gold - Au
Reasoning: Gold is atomic #79
This element would need to do this to become stable.
Go to Slide 2.
Gain 2 electrons
Reasoning: Sulfur has 6 valence electrons. To be stable it would need 2 more electrons.
Atoms will lose ______ to form cations and gain ______ to form anions.
electrons
Reasoning: atoms can only lose or gain electrons
1. protons
2. neutrons
3. electrons
Reasoning: p and n in nucleus. e on clouds
The following describes what type of element:
They have high electron affinities. (LOVE to bond)
When forming compounds, they obey the octet rule to have eight outer electrons.
When forming compounds they become negative ions.
Anions
Nonmetals
Reasoning: describes nonmetals
The element Molybdenum has an atomic mass of 95.94 and an atomic # of 42. Tell number of each type of subatomic particle.
e = 42
n = 54
A neutral magnesium atom contains 12 protons and 12 electrons. This must occur in order for a magnesium atom to turn into a magnesium ion
Lose 2 electrons
Reasoning: Magnesium has two valence electrons and if it gives those up it will be stable.
Sulfur forms the sulfide ion to bond with many metals. To become a sulfide ion with a -2 charge, a sulfur atom must
must GAIN 2 electrons
Reasoning: become stable with 8 in outer. need 2 electrons to become stable
protons
Reasoning: Atomic # is how periodic table is organized and p = atomic #
Tell oxidation #s for Group 1, 2 and 13-17.
Group 1 = +1 Group 2 = +2 Group 13 = +3 Group 14 = +/- 4 Group 15 = -3 Group 16 = -2 Group 17 = -1
Name and classify the following element:
Al
Aluminum
Metal
The difference between an atom like N, and an ion of an atom, like N-3
Reasoning: the ion has 3 more electrons to give it a -3 charge
Elements from group/column ______ will ionically bond with oxygen family in a 1 to 1 ratio.
Group 2
Reasoning: Group 2 oxidation # of +2
Oxygen Family oxidation # -2
The overall charge of the nucleus of the atom. Pick one: A) 0: 9 + neutrons and 10 neutral protons B) +9: 9 + protons and 10 neutral neutrons C) No Charge - neutral
B
Reasoning: the question asks about the NUCLEUS and not the ATOM. ATOMs are neutral
Describe the atomic structural difference between chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn).
Chromium has one less proton than aluminum.
Reasoning: Periodic Table is set up in increasing atomic number.
Name the chart that organizes the atoms into groups and rows by properties.
Periodic Table of Elements
The element sulfur has 6 valence electrons. What is the most likely charge on a sulfur ion?
-2
Reasoning: Sulfur NEEDS 2 electrons to be stable, it is two electrons short so -2
Calcium with an oxidation number of +2 bonds with nitrogen whose oxidation number is -3. Give the formula.
Ca3N2
Reasoning: criss cross - See slide