Electron Configuration
What are the 3 levels of electron organization called?
Shells, sub-shells, orbitals
How were the elements originally sorted by Mendeleev compared to how they are sorted now?
Mendeleev sorted by atomic weight and now they are sorted by atomic number(number of protons)
What is the central mass of the atom called?
The nucleus
What is the definition of an isotope?
Atoms of the same element but with differing mass.
What is the mass of Hydrogen in AMUs?
1 AMU
Why can't electrons be found anywhere in the atom at all times?
What do we call the horizantle rows of the periodic table?
Periods
How do protons and electrons differ?
They differ by mass, size, and charge
How do find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Subtract the atomic number(Z) from the atomic mass(A).
Why were AMU's invented in the first place?
To make it easier to compare masses of very tiny atoms.
What do specific name do we have for the transition metals when it comes to electron configuration?
The inner transition metals?
the d-block
The f-block
What other name do we have for the 1A group and the 8A group of the periodic table?
Alkali Metals and Noble Gases
What is most of the size of an atom taken up by?
the electron cloud
Uranium-235
If 1AMU=1.66E-24g what is the mass in grams of 6.022E23 atoms of carbon?
12g
How many orbitals does each subshell have?
s=1
p=3
d=5
What is the name and three characteristics of the 2A group on the periodic table?
All solid metals,
All have a silvery sheen when cut
All are very reactive and can't be found pure in nature.
How do we get the mass(A) of an element?
It is the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom.
How do we find the atomic weight of an element?
We find the average mass of a sample of a specific element. Given by adding the products of isotopic abundences and their isotopic masses.
What is the atomic weight of a sample of Carbon with
Mass # Exact weight %Abundance
Carbon-12 12.000000 98.90%
Carbon-13 13.003355 1.10%
12.011AMUs
What are the three rules for electron configuration?
1. Fill the lowest principal energy level first (with exceptions)
2. Each orbital can only hold two electrons with opposite spins.
3. Each orbital must be filled with at least one electron before it can be completely filled.
What do we call the 7A group of the periodic table and how did we get that name?
the Halogens and we get it from the greek "hal" for salt and "gen" for forming. They are salt-forming elements.
What does the atomic theory state?
1. All matter is composed of atoms
2. Atoms of a given element all differ from other elements
3. Only whole atoms can combine
4. Atoms themselves remain unchanged in chemical reactions.
What are two of the three distinct isotopes of Hydrogen called?
Where did we get the atomic mass unit(AMU) from?
It was decided that Carbon weighed 12 AMUs with 1 AMU being approximately 1.660539E24g, roughly the mass of a proton.