Atoms
What is an atom?
The smallest form of matter made of protons, nuetrons, and electrons
What is a state of matter?
A state of matter is the arrangement of atoms in a substance.
What are the 4 earth layers?
Crust, mantle, outter core and inner core
What is the rock cycle? How long can it take?
The rock cycle is the process of rocks forming and changing into other rock types. This can take millions of years.
What is a mineral?
What are the subatomic particles, and where are they found in an atom?
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, and electrons are in the electron cloud.
What is a phase change, and what causes it?
A phase change is when a state of matter goes into another state due to a change in pressure or temperature.
What are the 2 types of crust? Explain them.
Contential: Less dense and thicker. Land.
Oceanice: Very dense due to the weight of water. This is the ocean floor. Very thin
How do sedimentary rocks form? Name the 4 stages and explain.
Weathering and erioson: Wind and rain form sediments
Deposition: Sediments are deposted somewhere
Compaction: New Layers press down on old layers
Sedimentation: Minerals dissolve sticking sediments together
You can see this property just by looking at a mineral. Many minerals can be several of these.
Color
What are the charges for the subatomic particles?
Protons are positive, neutrons are nuetral (no charge) , electrons are negative
In a gas the atoms moves alot and are spread out in a solid they are much closer together and do not move as much
What happens in the mantle? Explain this.
Convection currents: Hot stuff rises, cool stuff falls.
Explain 2 ways igenous rocks can form
Extrustive: Rapid cooling of lava (eurption)
Instrutive: Slow cooling of magma
What is streak?
Another way to identify minerals; it leaves the color of the powder behind when rubbed against a rough white tile.
Compounds are made of only different atoms.
What is unique about the arrangement of atoms as a solid vs. a liquid in H20 (water)
The only substances in which the atoms are further apart in a Solid than in a liquid. (less dense as a solid, which is why ice cubes float in water)
How do metamorphic rocks form? What earth layer?
Metamorphic rocks form under heat and pressure ussally in the upper mantle. (anethonsphere)
What is Moh's Hardness Scale? Explain the ranking
The scale that is used to measure the hardness of minerals. The number or higher can scratch lower number minerals
How does the charge of the subatomics relate to their position in an atom?
List and explain all 6 phase changes
Evaporation (liquid to gas)
Deposition (Gas - Solid)
Melting (Solid to liquid)
Freezing (Liquid to Solid)
condensation (gas to liquid)
Sublimation (Solid to gas)
List the earth layers and the state of matter. (Bouns 5th layer)
Atmosphere: Gas
Crust: Solid
Mantle: Soft Solid
Outer Core: Liquid
Inner Core: Solid
Explain how chemical sedimentary rocks form.
Chemical sedimentary rocks form minerals left behind through evaporation (rock salt) and the precipitate of minerals in a super saturated solution
What does denfinte chemcial compostion mean?