The Nature of Matter
What is matter?
anything that has mass and volume.
What is an element?
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into different types of substances.
They are the smallest particles of an element that still have the element's properties.
atoms
A process in which some substances change into different substances.
chemical reaction
combinations of two or more elements.
compounds
three typical states of matter
solid, liquid, and gas?
What is 118?
The total number of known elements.
The three main subatomic particles that make up all atoms.
protons, electrons, and neutrons?
The names for the substances that start a chemical reaction and the substances that are produced.
reactants and products
This expression shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements.
chemical formula
What is plasma?
This fourth state of matter rarely exists on Earth.
What is a chemical symbol?
The one- or two-letter designation of an element.
The respective charges of a proton, an electron, and a neutron.
positive, negative, and neutral
The reaction that causes an iron tool to do this occurs very slowly.
rust
The chemical formula for water.
H2O
What is a solid?
At room temperature, most metals exist in this state.
In a chemical symbol with two letters, the first letter is always capitalized and the second is always this.
lowercase?
The dense area at the center of an atom where protons and neutrons are clustered.
nucleus
A solid product that is produced in a reaction.
precipitate
Water is composed of these two elements in a two-to-one ratio.
hydrogen and oxygen
What are things that are not matter?
These forms of energy, such as light and sound, are not considered matter.
Of the 118 known elements, this many have been made synthetically in a lab.
20
An atom is neutral in charge because the number of protons most always equals the number of these.
electrons
The four visual clues that a chemical reaction is likely occurring.
change of color, production of a gas, production of a precipitate, and a transfer of energy
The chemical formula for sulfuric acid.
H2SO4