Periodic Table
The atomic number represents the amount of which subatomic particles? The atomic number can also be used to do what?
Protons, identify which element is being observed
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Ionic bonds occur when one element transfers electrons to another element, and covalent bonds occur when elements share atoms with one another
If an atom does not undergo radioactive decay, the number of protons will never change. This is why the number of protos is used to determine the ...
element of an atom
The Law of Conservation of Matter states that .....
Matter is neither created or destroyed
Which scientist created the widely adopted atomic model that we use today?
Niels Bohr - The Bohr Model of the Atom
The group number tells you how many _______ _______ there are in a given element
valence electrons (Example, Oxygen is in group 6 so Oxygen has 6 valence electrons)
What are the 3 basic rules for naming an ionic compound? Provide all 3 from class.
1. Metals come first, then nonmetals
2. Ionic compound with 2 elements have an -ide ending (sodium chloride NaCl)
3. A compound with three elements, including oxygen, will have a name that ends with -ate or -ite.
Based on their location on the periodic table, which of the following properties will both potassium and sodium share?
a. They are nonmetals that are not reactive
b. They are metals that are reactive
c. They exist as inert gases at room temperature
d. They are poor conductors of electricity
b. They are metals that are reactive
The amount of mass in the reactant side is equal to the amount of mass in the product side
H2O (10g) --> 2HO (10 g)
What is the main idea regarding the Bohr Model of the Atom?
Electrons live in an electron cloud, and they revolve around the nucleus
What are the names for elements in Group 1, Group 7, and Group 8?
Alkali metals - Group 1
Halogens - Group 7
Noble Gases - Group 8
Do ionic or covalent bonds have a higher melting point? & why?
Ionic bonds will always have a higher melting point than covalent bonds due to strong intermolecular forces.
A student wants to design a simple investigation to prove that mass is conserved during a chemical reaction. Which of these scenarios will help him prove that?
a. Compare the mass of a candle before and after burning it
b. Compare the mass of a piece of paper before and after tearing it
c. Compare the mass of a piece of copper before and after melting it
d. Compare the mass of a cup of water with a sealed lid and an Alka-seltzer tab before and after adding the Alka-Seltzer tablet to the water
d. Compare the mass of a cup of water with a sealed lid and an Alka-seltzer tab before and after adding the Alka-Seltzer tablet to the water
What is the difference between a synthesis and a decomposition reaction?
A synthesis reaction is when two or more elements combine to form a compound, whereas a decomposition reaction is when those elements break down.
How many subatomic particles exist in the atom? What are their charges? (No charges, no points)
Neutron -> (0, neutral)
Electron -> (-, negative)
Proton -> (+, positive)
Noble gases are the ideal element on the periodic table. Provide 3 reasons as to why that is.
1. Full outer shell - 8 valence electrons
2. Stable
3. Nonreactive - they will not react with other elements
List 2 elements that gain electrons along with their oxidation numbers (charges) must be in different groups
List 2 elements that lose electrons along with their oxidation numbers (charges)
Group 1 -> +1
Group 2 -> +2
Group 3 -> +3
Group 5 -> -3
Group 6 -> -2
Group 7 -> -1
Element X - 6p 6n
Element Y - 6p 7n
Element Z - 6p 8n
Which of the elements are isotopes and how do you know?
Element Y & Z are isotopes because they have different numbers of neutrons. A stable atom will have the same number of neutrons and protons.
Which type of reaction is occurring here?
Na2S + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + H2S
What is a double replacement reaction?
Where do each of the subatomic particles live? Be sure to include all subatomic particles
Protons & neutrons live in the nucleus
Electrons live outside of the nucleus in an electron cloud
Why does Sr (Strontium) bind bone tissue in a similar way as Ca (Calcium)?
Sr and Ca are both in the same group number, meaning that they have same # of valence electrons. Furthermore meaning that they will react similarly because electrons control reactivity.
Sodium chloride is a very common ionic compound. Why does sodium bind with chloride? Which element is giving up electrons and which are gaining electrons, and how many?
- Sodium is in Group 1 and Chlorine is in group 7
- Chlorine is 1 electron away from securing an Octet - Sodium (metal) is going to give Chlorine (nonmetal) one electron
Based on their location on the Periodic Table, which of the following elements tend to gain 2 electrons from the periodic table? How do you know?
A. Oxygen and Nitrogen
B. Oxygen and Selenium
C. Sulfur and Chlorine
D. Aluminum and Sulfur
A. Oxygen and Selenium
Which of these reactions are a single replacement reaction and which one is a double replacement reaction? Be prepared to identify which elements are being replace in both reactions.
A. ZnS + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2S
B. 2AlBr3 + 3Cl2 --> 2AlCl3 + 3Br2
A. Double replacement, S & Cl are being replaced
B. Single replacement, Br is being replaced
Which subatomic particles are responsible for contributing to the atomic weight?
Protons & neutrons