The Structure of the Atom
What is a Proton?
A positive charge, in the nucleus, they have a mass of 1 amu
What is an Isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons, but a different amount of neutrons, the mass number changes, and can be written with isotope name or the isotopic symbol
Where are metals found on the Periodic Table?
Found to the left of the zigzag line on the periodic table
What are orbitals?
Orbitals are rings, where the electrons are
When do Ionic Bonds form?
When oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other
Metals + non-metals
What is a Neutron?
Has no charge, is in the neuclus, and has a mass of 1 amu
What is an ION?
Atoms with the same number of protons, different number of electrons, a charged atom
Where are non-metals found on the Periodic Table?
What is a period on the Periodic Table?
A period is a row of elements that have the smae amount of Orbitals
When do Covalent Bonds form?
When atoms share electrons
Non-metal + non-metal
What is an Electron?
Has a negative charge, is outside of the nucleus (orbitals), and has no mass
Cation-a positive(+) ion (lose electrons)
Anion-a negative (-) ion (gain electrons)
To calculate the overall charge------> #protons - #electrons
Where are metalloids found on the Periodic Table/
Found along the zigzag line on the periodic table. The only exception is Aluminum-considered to be a metal
What are Rows?
All have the elements in a period, have the same number of Atomic Orbitals
What are covalent bonds and Ionic bonds classified as?
Chemical bonds----->to become stable (to have 8)
Can elements have the same atomic number?
No, because no 2 elements can have the same atomic number, because it determines the identity of the substance
Protons=Atomic #
What is the equation for a Isotope Name?
Example: Carbon-13
P:6 N:7 E: 6
What are the three major groups on the Periodic Table?
What are Families on the Periodic Table?
Have similar families (vertical colums) based on their similar chemical properties (18), and has a spectic name
What are Valence Electrons?
Are the electrons in the outermost energy level
What are Neutral Atoms?
Have the same number of protons and electrons, no overall charge, and as written on the Periodic Table, all atoms are neutral
What is a Isotope Symbol?
What are the 7 metalloids?
Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, and Polonium
What is the difference between Alkai Metals and Alkjaline Earth Metals?
Allaline Earth Metals- have 2 electons in the outer shell (+2 charge)
What are valence electrons of an atome used for?
They're responsible for bonding and to be stable