Laws
States that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes
Law of conservation of mass
Particles that a positive charge
Protons
The arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus is called the
Electron configuration
Equation to convert from grams to moles
grams / molar mass
States that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by weight or mass
Law of definite proportions
Particles that have a negative charge
Electrons
The lowest energy state of a quantized system
Ground state
Equation to convert from moles to atoms
Moles * Avogadro’s number (6.022 * 1023)
States that when two elements combine to form two or more compounds, the mass of one element that combines with a given mass of the other is in the ratio of small whole numbers
Law of multiple proportions
Neutral particles
Neutrons
What is the configuration for Na
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Convert 3 mol of Si to atoms
1.8066 * 1024 atoms
These two principles in Dalton’s theory were later modified as they were not true in all cases
1: Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed
2. Atoms of a given element are identical in their physical and chemical properties
The dense central portion of the atom
Nucleus
What is the configuration for Ni
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁸
Convert 45g of P to moles.
Molar mass of P is 30.97
1.45 mol
Define the atomic theory
Atoms are the building blocks of all matter
The smaller parts that make up atoms are called
Subatomic particles
What is the configuration for Zr
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d²
Convert 3g of Ni to atoms. Ni molar mass is 58.69
3.08 * 1022