Cellular Respiration (1)
1. Explain difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph.
2. Explain between autotrophs and heterotrophs do they perform cellular respiration or photosynthesis or both
1.Autotrophs can make their own food ( glucose) through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs can not make their own food so they obtain their glucose from their food.
2. Autotrophs when they need energy take the glucose they produce in photosynthesis and break down the glucose in cellular respiration to produce a usable form of energy in the form of ATP.
The predominant pigment that absorbs light for photosynthesis.
chlorophyll
How does ATP provide energy for cells.
When terminal phosphate is released energy is released for the cell.
Daily Doubl3-Where does glycolysis take place, what is the starting material of glycolysis and what is produced in glycolysis.
cytoplasm, glucose is converted into two pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP, and two NADH molrcules
What are the two starting materials of photosynthesis, and two products of photosynthesis
start with CO2 and H20 and using energy from the sun make glucose and oxygen
Explain how carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
The oxygen that is produced in photosynthesis is used by organisms to help break down glucose in cellular respiration, while the carbon dioxide produced in cellular respiration is used in photosynthesis to produce glucose.
Describe the energy transformation that occurs in photosynthesis.
light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
Daily DoubleWhen ATP is broken down to produce ADP and P
1. Anabolic or catabolic
2. Dehydration Synthesis or Hydrolysis
3. Change in G greater than or equal to zero or less than o.
1. catabolic
2. Hydro
3. Less than 0
What are the two pyruvate molecules converted into in stage 2
2 acetyl CoA molecules, 2 carbon dioixde, 2 NADH
Which part of the chloroplast does the light reaction and which part of the chloroplast does the dark reaction take place
light - thylakoid
dark - stroma
Explain what an oxygen debt is.
when the demand for oxygen becomes greater than the supply which will result in a shift from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation.
Explain why the light reaction must precede the dark reaction ( calvin cycle)
The ATP and NAPDH produced in the light reaction along with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is needed to produce glucose in the dark reaction ( calvin cycle).
When ADP and P combine to make ATP is this a
1. SPONTANEOUS OR Non- Spontaneous reaction
2. Endothermic or Exothermic
3. Catabolic or Anabolic
1. non-spontaneous
2. endo
3. Anabolic
After stages 1-3 how many CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP are produced
1. 6 CO2, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2ATP
what are three items produced in the light reaction. and which of these items are used in the dark reaction
Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH
ATP and NAPDH are used in the dark reaction
Compare and contrast alcohol and lactic fermentation.
Both take place in the cytoplasm, both are anaerobic and the goal for both is to regenerate NAD+ to allow for continued glycolysis.
Alcohol fermentation occurs in bacteria, and yeast and produces ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide as waste products. Lactic acid occurs in the muscle cells of higher level eukaryotes when an oxygen debt occurs and produces lactic acid as a waste product.
refer to image
1.water
2. oxygen
3. Carbon dioxide
4. glucose
6 ATP final change in G = -7
When does fermentation occur, which part of the cell does it occur, and explain what the purpose of fermentation is
When oxygen is not available,, cytoplasm, and regenerate NAD+ to allow for continued glycolysis.
What are three reasons why plants are essential for life
1. Plants produce oxygen
2. Plants absorb excess carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas
3. Plants are the bottom of the food chain
Explain in detail how 36 ATP are produced in all 4 stages of cellular respiration.
1. 2 ATP produced in glycolysis
2. However, 2 ATP produced in glycolysis is consumed as the transition between glycolysis and stage 2 occurs so now the net gain is back to 0.
3. Zero ATP is produced in stage 2.
4. Two ATP are produced in stage 3.
5. 10 NADH are produced in stages 1-3, while 2 FADH2 are produced in stages 1-3. Each NADH produces 3 ATP, while each FADH2 produces 2 ATP. Electrons are stripped from both NADH and FADH2 in the ETC resulting in the production of 34 ATP in stage 4.
Describe what carbon fixation is in photosynthesis, which reaction in photosynthesis does this process take place, and explain if it is an anabolic or catabolic reaction.
Carbon fixation is the input of carbon dioxide producing the product (output) glucose and takes place in the dark reaction ( calvin cycle). It is an anabolic reaction because in series of reactions you are taking the one carbon carbon dioxide and converting it into 6 carbon glucose.
two major differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic requires oxygen can make 36 AT6P, anaerobic no oxygen make 2 ATP.
Describe in detail how 34 ATP is produced in the ETC.
1. Electrons stored in both NADH and FADK2 are oxidized and passed to electron carrier proteins.
2. Energy is released as electrons are passed to one carrier to the next
3. Energy that is released moves protons form low conc. (matrix) to high conc. (IMS) creating an electrochemical gradient
4. Protons travel down the electrochemical gradient from IMS to matrix through ATP synthatse releasing energy to convert ADP and P to ATP.
5. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor recieving 2 electrons from the ETC and 2 H+ from the matrix to convert oxygen to water
1. Which three items are required (2/3 come from the light reaction) are used to produce glucose in the dark reaction .
2, Where in the light reaction do the following events occur
a. NAPHH is produced
b. ATP is produced
c. Oxygen is produced
1. ATP, NADPH, CO2
2. a. PS1
b. ETC that connects PS2 to PS1
c. PS2