Vascular Function
This measure of the ability of blood vessels to expand with increased flow is impaired in both animals and humans exposed to e-cig aerosol
What is flow mediated dilation?
Activation of these intermediaries in thrombosis has been documented with acrolein exposures.
What are platelets?
This state of heightened cardiovascular risk occurs with declines in heart rate variability and e-cig use.
What is sympathetic dominance?
Despite their association with conventional smoking, increases in these adverse cardiac events have yet to be tied to e-cigarette use in humans.
What are cardiac arrhythmias?
Arguably the greatest limitation to studies of the adverse health effects of e-cigarettes.
What are long-term studies?
Enhanced in both animals and humans exposed to e-cig aerosol, this is a measure of arterial stiffness
What is pulse wave velocity?
In either solid or liquid form, this broad constituent class is suspected to drive the thrombogenic effects of acute e-cig exposures.
What is particulate matter?
This sympathomimetic constituent is strongly implicated in the cardiac effects of e-cigs and other tobacco products.
What is nicotine?
Chronic 8-month e-cig exposures of mice modestly decreased this measure of cardiac contractility.
What is fractional shortening or ejection fraction?
By validating epidemiologic associations with pathology in animal studies, toxicology can provide this extra strength to causal inferences.
What is biological plausibility?