Biological Roots
This researcher's 1935 study on goslings demonstrated the concept of imprinting.
Who is Konrad Lorenz?
This specific aspect of Bowlby's theory of attachment involves the beliefs an individual holds about their relationships with others.
What is the cognitive aspect?
This psychologist designed the "Strange Situation" laboratory procedure.
Who is Mary Ainsworth?
This style, known as Type B, is the most common, accounting for 70% of children.
What is Secure attachment?
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) found that this attachment style was predominant in every culture studied?
What is Type B (Secure Attachment)?
Harry Harlow’s 1958 experiment concluded that this was more important than food for forming an attachment bond.
What is contact comfort?
This term refers to the mental representations of self and others that guide future relationships.
What is the Internal Working Model?
The Strange Situation script consists of this many distinct steps.
What is eight (8)?
Mothers of Type C children tend to exhibit this trait in their reactions to their children.
What is inconsistency (or being inconsistent)?
This group challenges traditional notions of attachment through communal child-rearing.
Who are the Efe people?
By definition, attachment is most visible during this specific type of emotional reaction?
What is separation distress?
Bowlby originally argued attachment must form during this critical period.
What is 6 months to 3 years?
DAILY DOUBLE: While Type B mothers actively communicate and show interest in play, what behaviors do Type A mothers display regarding their child's play?
What is insensitive and uninterested?
Type A children, who show indifference upon reunion, are classified as this.
What is Insecure Avoidant?
These two non-Western countries/regions were specifically highlighted in the cultural variation study.
What are Japan and Israel?
In Harlow's "Open-Field Test," monkeys raised with a cloth mother showed these two positive behaviors.
What are calm behavior and curiosity?
A child may develop a model of being "unworthy" of attention due to this specific caregiving failure.
What is consistent neglect?
This specific behavior measures the infant's reaction to an unfamiliar person.
What is stranger anxiety?
Type C children often display this "conflicted" behavior during reunions.
What is resisting contact (pushing away)?
Because immediate contact and bonding differ across societies, researchers question if this biological concept applies to humans.
What is imprinting?
Bowlby’s "Attachment Behavioural System" is triggered by these two environmental cues.
What are alarm and anxiety?
This type of caregiving can lead a child to have unrealistic expectations of others' responsiveness.
What is excessive attention?
Observers look for this behavior to see how a child acts when the mother returns to the room.
What is reunion behavior?
Suggested by Main and Solomon (1986), this fourth type (Type D) is often associated with childhood abuse.
What is Insecure-Disorganized?
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) found that differences within a single country were this much larger than differences between different countries.
What is 1.5 times larger?