definitions
what 3 skills do adaptive behaviors possess
adaptive behaviors: a collection of behaviors that humans learn to function in society and meet its contextual demands
conceptual skills (ie. time value money)
social skills (ie. social rules, interpersonal relationships)
practical skills (ie. ADLs, health care, occupation)
what are risk factors of adhd?
maternal exposure to lead, smoking, alcohol
strong genetic component
disrupted frontal subcortical circuits/cerebellum
DCD is typically diagnosed in what time frame
6-12yrs
ASD has a greater prevalence in males than females, what is the ratio?
4:1
externally driven cognitive strategies are top-down or bottom-up control?
bottom up
what are the 3 clinical subtypes of ADHD and which is more common in females?
inattentive (more common in females)
hyperactive-impulsive
combined
name 3 common body structure & function deficits seen in kids with DCD
-visuospatial/visumotor
-visual discrimination
-visual feedback in rapid movements
-impaired visual memory
-visuomotor sequencing
-more reliance on feedback than feedforward
-slow reaction times
-imbalanced agonist-antagonist activity
-muscle power/strength
-impaired balance and keeping postures
-motor learning, planning, adaptability
children with ASD may have some of these potential neuroanatomical traits (3) please list what they are
-enlarged frontal lobes, amygdala, cerebellar white matter
-underdeveloped cerebellar vermis
goal-oriented behaviors with top-down control are _____ driven
internally
when gathering information of what is the impaired domain (poor concentration, hyperactivity, impulsivity) a PT asks if the child has difficulty maintaining relationships, asks if they are bullied or the ones doing bullying. What domain are these types of questions for?
impulsitivity
list the summary of DSM 5 criteria for a formal medical diagnosis of DCD
-Motor learning/performance are not age-appropriate and does
not match the child’s experience and amount of learning
opportunities for motor skill development.
o Motor deficits significantly impact self-care activities, academic
achievement, and leisure play.
o Motor deficits observed in early stages of development.
o Intellectual/visual/neurologic impairments do not explain
movement disability.
10-30
in children, executive dysfunction disrupts what?
hint: executive functions are the neurocognitive processes for regulating, guiding, organizing, and monitoring thoughts/actions
language, motor, self-help, social-emotional development, adaptive behaviors
What medications are used to treat children with ADHD?
presynaptic dopaminergic agonists = psychostimulants
children with DCD can have either of the 2 dyspraxias, what are they and what do they mean?
ideomotor dyspraxia - inability to carry out complex motor activity but can mentally formulate the action
ideational dyspraxia - inability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action
what 3 behaviors must be present in a child with social communication/interaction ASD profile
difficulty with:
establishing/maintaining back and forth interactions
maintaining relationships
communicating nonverbally
children with challenges following multistep instructions and forgetfulness have what impaired executive function
working memory
research suggests that the most effective physical activity for children with ADHD are open or closed skill?
open skill
a child in the <5th percentile on the M-ABC-2 for DCD flags they will have
substantial motor impairments
if a child is seeking ASD according to dunn's sensory processing framework, what is their sensory and active self-regulation thresholds
ex. rocks in chair, floor, or while standing
both are +
(think of the square)