Attitudes
What are Attitudes?
Set of emotions: positive, negative, or neutral evaluation of a stimulus
JJ cares about being better at Basketball so they always train. Identify the attitude and behavior
Attitude - Cares about getting better at Basketball
Behavior - Always Training
The feeling of discomfort when one’s actions don’t match their behavior?
Cognitive Dissonance
The idea that the more we are exposed to something the more we like it?
Mere Exposure Effect
When a kid does something bad will the parents use reinforcement or punishment? Why?
Punishment, to discourage/stop the behavior
What are the ABC’s of Attitudes?
Affect (Emotions), Behavior (the Action), Cognition (the Thought)
John Cena REALLY cares about Never Giving Up, so their attitude is much less resistant to changes. What is this an example of?
Strength of Attitude
Learning in which a neutral stimulus leads to a given reaction, after it is repeatedly paired with another stimulus that naturally leads to that reaction?
Classical Conditioning
People are encouraged (reinforced) or discouraged (punished) for engaging in a particular behavior
Operant Conditioning
Everytime a student studies they get good scores and because of that they study more. What is this an example of?
Operant Conditioning/ Positive Reinforcement
Even if you were against driving fast if Dr Duff had a gun to your head and said drive over the speed limit or else, would you experience cognitive dissonance if you went over the speed limit under these circumstances?
No, because in order for cognitive dissonance to occur the action needs to be voluntary and not forced
Jamie Oliver (celebrity chef) believes you should live a healthy life, similarly he believes you should eat highly nutritious food, Jamie’s attitudes will be a greater predictor of their behavior because of?
Specificity of Attitude
The learning through observing other people’s behavior?
Observational Learning
How does the media influence Attitudes?
Can change attitudes by glorifying certain behaviors by showing others partake in it (Observational Learning)
When you hear All I want for Christmas by Mariah Carey we commonly associate it with Christmas due to it commonly being played in December and its Christmas related theme. What is this an example of?
Classical Conditioning
What are the 3 ways someone can relieve themselves from cognitive dissonance?
Change attitude to match behavior, Change behavior to match the attitude, Justify Behavior
Greta Thunberg (climate activist) cares for the environment. Unfortunately, her behavior rarely matches their attitude because their campus has no recycling bins. What is this an example of?
Accessibility of Attitude
In Classical Conditioning the neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with _ to produce _?
Unconditioned Stimulus, Conditioned Response
In Observational Learning who is the most influential in the formation of attitudes?
Our peers/people who are like us
Ryan tends to see Mykel frequently at his TA hours, because of this constant exposure to Mykel Ryan ends up liking Mykel more quicker. This is an example of?
Mere Exposure effect
Sometimes attitudes can predict behavior. What factors affect the predictability of behavior?
Strength of Attitude, Accessibility of Attitude, Specificity of Attitude, Social Norms
Ryan never tried or thought matcha would be good however once it started to become a trend to drink it Ryan tried matcha and now likes it (what a performative guy). This is an example of which factor that predicts behavior?
Social Norms
In Operant Conditioning what is the difference between Punishment and Reinforcement?
Punishment seeks to stop the behavior while Reinforcement seeks to continue it
According to Observational learning _ is influential in the formation of attitudes
Modeling
When a child in Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment seen the adult playing with the doll depending on how the adult played with the doll the child would play with the doll the same way. That was an example of?
Observational Learning