Sound System
Purpose of a Sound System
To push it further
What does a human consider sound? CPS, Measured How?
20- 20,000 HZ
Cycle Per Second, measured in Hertz
Dynamic
Can handle a lot of dynamic range
Dynamic Range
The range of the quietest noise to the peak
EQ
Shapes or adjusts frequency or tone
Input Transducer
Captures acoustic pressure and converts it to electrical energy
Bit Depth and Sample Rate
Bit depth: texture of the sound (amplitude)
Sample Rate: how many pictures per second are taken (frequency)
Condenser
Require 48 V (charges the metal back plate)
Headroom + Noisefloor
Difference between peak and clipping
(the more you have, the more real it will feel based on the dynamic range)
Unintended sound
Components of an EQ
HPF- high pass filter
LPF - low pass filter
Q- slopes
Pre- Amp
converts from mic level to line level (can give color)
Frequency
Compression and rarefaction through any medium, push and pull
Ribbon
Long film suspended b/w magnets
Gives out more of a darker tone
Synths
Oscillator
Types of wave: saw〽️ triangle △△△ square, sin
Unison: duplicated wave forms and pans them out
What does a compressor deal with?
Dynamics
Signal Processor
ADA (Analog Digital Analog), analog mixer (adds more tone or color)
Phase and 2 types
DAILY DOUBLE
When 2 of the SAME frequencies meet
Delay: Waveforms are a little farther apart and identified as 2 sounds
Reverb: Many delays
Polar Patterns
DAILY DOUBLE
How microphones receive sound based on it's make
Cardioid (Super, Hyper) 🍑
Bi-directional ∞
Omni-directional ⚪️
Difference between volume and amplitude?
Amplitude: can be measured in Decibals
Volume: cannot be measured, subjective
Components of a Compressor and What They Do?
threshold: when the compressor begins working
attack: how quickly your compressor pushes back
Knee: how quickly you hit your ratio (i.e. soft, hard)
I/O ratio: how much input and output the compressor is giving
release: how quickly your compresser lets the sound go
makeup gain: how much gain you need to restore after an amount has been taken away
Power Amp + Output Transducer
Power Amp: boosts from line level to speaker level
Output Transducer: converts electrical signal back to acoustic pressure
What happens when 2 of the same frequencies meet, but one is inverted?
Phase cancellation and the sound becomes softer or none at all in some cases
MIC Techniques
DAILY DOUBLE
A-B ⬆️ 2-5m ⬆️
MS ⬆️⬇️ 0° on axis ( 1 cardio, 1 bidirectional)
ORTF ↖️ 17 cm (ends crossing)↗️ 110°
NOS ↖️ 30cm ↗️ 90°
XY ↗️↖️ 90° (heads facing each other)
Components of an Envelope
DAILY DOUBLE
Attack: how quickly the sound reaches it's peak
Decay: amount of decrease in volume after you've hit your peak until you hit the sustain
Sustain: following decay, how long the note holds out
Release: triggered by action (i.e. taking finger off key/button) when the sounds drops off
What are the extremes of a compressor?
DAILY DOUBLE
Gate (extreme of expander): compressor only starts working after passing this threshold
Limiter (extreme of a compressor): hard compressor
Expander (opposite of a compressor): permits more sound to come through after it passes a threshold