Outer Ear
What condition is the complete absence of the pinna?
Anotia
Name the structures of the ME
TM, malleus, incus, stapes, eustachian tube, tensor tympani and stapedius muscle
Name the three chambers in the cochlea
Scala vestibuli, scala media, and scala tympania
Explain the difference between linear and compression sound processing in hearing aids.
Linear: same amplification for all sounds (analog)
Compression: different amplification depending on loudness of the sound
Name the types of energies from OE, to ME and then IE.
OE: acoustic
ME: mechanical
IE: electrical
The EAM (External Auditory Meatus) resonates to ________ Hz in adults.
BONUS (+100): What process occurs in the EAM?
3000 Hz
Epithelial Migration
Boundaries of the ME
Tympanic Membrane-stapes
The cochlea is ______ organized.
tonotopically
List 2 features of hearing aids
frequency shifting, feedback management, directional microphones, noise reduction capabilities, spatial sound features, T-Coil compatibility, FM/DM compatibility, and bluetooth connectivity
Name 2 benefits of having 2 ears.
localization, binaural summation, binaural squelch, binaural redundancy
What is colloquial term for osteoma/exostosis?
Surfer's Ear
Name this disorder: the dead exfoliated skin cells from the EAM enter the ME. Decaying corrosive cells can erode the ossicular chain.
cholesteotoma
What is the genetic condition that causes a lack of high concentration of K+ (potassium) to fire hair cells?
Connexin 26 (mutation of GJB2)
T/F Cochlear implants are not for environmental sounds processing, aid for lip reading, or adjunct to other communication methods
True
What is the term used to refer to practice of using FDA approved medications or devices for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved group, dose or form of administration?
Off-Labeling
What is otitis externa?
What is the treatment for otitis externa?
bacterial/fungal infection that occurs when water is trapped in the ear (swimmer's ear)
prevention and medical
Disorders of the ME affect...
mechanical energy, vibrations, amplification, pressure and conduction
What disease causes the cochlea to ossify?
Bacterial Meningitis
List 1 opinion of the Deaf community on cochlear implants
ASL native language, Deaf is a characteristic, Cochlear Implants try to "fix" a child, Cochlear implants are not the only technology, experimental, children should make the decision if they want CIs not the parents/caregivers, hearing parents should have input from deaf adults prior to CI, and CIs do not provide the ability to hear spoken language
3 ways to protect your ears
walk away, turn it down and cover them up
List the 4 functions of the outer ear
direct, deflection, collect and protect
How does the ME overcome the transmission mismatch?
1. size differential between the malleus and stapes
2. size differential between the tympanic membrane and the oval window
3. leverage of the ossicles
What hearing test only tests the integrity of the inner ear? (Bypasses the OE and ME)
Bone conduction
Explain the basic steps of how a cochlear implant works
1. Microphone collects sound
2. Processor converts the sound to a digital signal and sends to Internal Device via coils connected by magnets
3. Internal chip converts the digital signal to an electrical signal and sends to electrodes
4. The electrodes fire
What property of sound is this: a surface/body that slows the progression of a sound.
resistance/impedance