Principles of Audiology
Otoscopy & Anatomy
More Anatomy
Sound & its Measurement
Simple Hearing Tests
100
True/False: The audiologists scope of practice involves prevention, diagnosis, & treatment.
TRUE
100
True/False: When performing an otoscopic inspection on an infant, you pull upward and back on the pinna.
FALSE: When performing an otoscopic inspection on an infant, you pull downward and back in order to straighten their canal.
100
True/False: The footplate of the Stapes rests in the Round Window and sends vibrations through the perilymph of the cochlea.
FALSE: The footplate of the Stapes rests in the Oval Window and sends vibrations through the perilymph of the cochlea.
100
What is the definition of a sound wave?
The succession of molecules being shoved together and pulled apart and are made up of compressions & rarefactions.
100
Anything above what intensity is considered a hearing loss for children? Adults?
For children, anything above 15 dB HL and for adults, anything above 25 dB HL.
200
True/False: Audiology developed in WWI.
FALSE: The profession of Audiology developed in WWII.
200
What are the 3 landmarks when viewing a normal tympanic membrane?
1. Translucent & w/o color 2. Cone of light 3. Manubrium
200
Which cochlear duct does the Oval Window reside? Round Window?
The Oval Window exists in the Scala Vestibuli and the Round Window exists in the Scala Tympani.
200
What is the inverse square law?
The intensity of sound decreases proportionately to the square of the distance from the sound source, meaning that as distance is doubled from the source, the sound pressure increases or decreases by 6 dB.
200
True/False: Sensorineural hearing loss means there is an issue with either the OE and/or ME.
FALSE: Sensorineural hearing loss means there is an issue with the IE.
300
What year did having an AuD become required in order to become an Audiologist?
2012
300
What are the 3 most important parts of the pinna and their description?
1. Helix: top curved portion of the pinna 2. Concha: opening cave right before the ear canal 3. Tragus: flap at the very front of the ear
300
List 3 out of the 5 middle ear overall functions.
1. impedance matcher 2. transmits mechanical energy from OE to IE 3. attenuates loud sounds 4. works to maintain relatively equal air pressure on either side of the TM 5. assists with fluid drainage BONUS- list the 2 not mentioned
300
At a frequency of 4000 Hz, how much dB SPL is needed to produce a 30 dB HL? (See chart)
30 + 9.5= 39.5 dB SPL
300
What is masking?
Masking is a noise used in an attempt to eliminate the participation of one ear while the opposite ear is being tested.
400
What aspect of licensing requirements for Audiologists is granted by ASHA?
National Certification
400
Name one of the Middle Ear Muscles & it's function.
1. Tensor Tympani-- helps to protect hearing; non-auditory stimuli; stiffens ossicular chain regulating intensity changes 2. Stapedius Muscles-- stiffens ossicular chain regulating intensity changes; when contracted helps to decrease intensity of a sound; protects the ear BONUS- name the one not mentioned
400
Which of the hair cells are efferent and which are afferent?
Outer Hair Cells are the primary efferent and Inner Hair Cells are the primary afferent.
400
Determine dB SL values for individual with a threshold of 30 dB HTL for a 1000 Hz signal presented at 50 dB SPL. (See chart).
50 - 7 = 43 - 30 = 13 dB SL
400
According to the following hearing sensitivity, what would be this individuals results for the BING test? RIGHT= mild SNHL LEFT= profound SNHL
RIGHT= louder LEFT= same (because they are completely deaf in left ear) BONUS! What would be their results of the WEBER test? - right ear
500
What is required for state licensing of an Audiologist in California?
300 hour supervised practicum, RPE, & 600+ on Praxis
500
How does the Ossicular Chain act as an impedance matcher (transformer) to overcome resistance?
It increases the sound pressure approximately 30 dB due to... 1. lever action of the ossicles 2. area ratio of TM to Oval window 3. curved shape of TM
500
What are the main structures of the vestibular system AND their functions?
1. Vestible-- where stapes footplate rocks in & out 2. Utricle & Saccule-- responds to linear acceleration; leads fluid to give sense of what the body is doing 3. 3 Semicircular Canals-- respond to angular acceleration (head turns)
500
Fill in with the appropriate answers: If testing hearing sensitivity utilizing an audiometer, the intensity dial is in dB ___ values. In order to find someone's threshold level, this would be labeled in dB ____ values. If I wanted to test the output of the tone through the earphones of the audiometer to be sure it's working appropriately then I would measure in dB ____ values.
a. dB HL b. dB HTL c. dB SPL
500
Does the following adult have a hearing loss? If so, what kind of hearing loss and at what degree? AC= 30 dB HTL BC= 25 dB HTL A/B gap= 5
Yes, and it is a sensorineural hearing loss at the Mild degree.
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