inner ear
the inner ear is a_____ filled space
fluid
the middle ear is a_____ filled space
air
Tympanic membrane is also called the
eardrum
What is the function of the eustachian tube?
equalize air pressure behind ear drum (air filled middle ear) and outside world
what is the traveling wave?
when the stapes knocks on oval window it forms a wave of fluid and the cilia are sheared
what makes up the inner ear?
cochlea, semi-circular canals
what makes up the middle ear?
eustachian tube, ossicles, tympanic membrane, oval window
what makes up the outer ear?
pinna (auricle), external auditory meatus (ear canal), Tympanic membrane (ear drum)- border between outer and middle
where are the two openings to the eustachian tube?
the middle ear and nasopharynx
basilar membrane is the ____ of the scallomedia in the cochlea
what kind of fluid is the inner ear is filled with?
endolymph and perilymph
what is otitis media? what is otosclerosis?
middle ear infection, prevalent in young kids bc tube is more horizontal, so bacteria forms, tube closes temporarily, middle ear no source of air so develops beads of condensation, fluid bc not being airrated bc tube shut down
a form of abnormal bone growth within the middle ear that causes progressive hearing loss.
we are getting...
100%
what kind of filter is the basilar membrane?
high cut off low pass filter
how is cilia arranged?
tonotopically
what is the scallomedia?
middle portion of the cochlea
name all 3 bones that are apart of the ossicles?
malleus, incus, and stapes
damage to outer ear will cause?
conductive hearing loss, acoustic energy can't be conducted through to ear drum
organ of corti is in the
basilar membrane
apex is ____ frequency and base is ____ frequency
low, high
what form of energy is transduced in the inner ear?
electrochemical
what form of energy is transduced in the middle ear?
mechanical
what form of energy is transduced in the outer ear?
acoustic
VII (7) cranial nerve & VIII (8) cranial nerve
(VII) facial nerve, stapedial muscle is intervated by VII cranial nerve, stapedious muscle will contract so sound doesn't damage cochlea, acoustic reflex
(VIII) auditory nerve, at base of hair cells are little fibers arranged tonotopically, apex-low freq hair cell receptors, auditory fibers low freq form bundle to make auditory nerve, base-high freq hair cells, form the outside of the bundle
hearing system as a transducer (explain the order)
changes one form of energy to another, acoustic energy from outside bounces on tympanic membrane, as it vibrates, so does the malleus, malleus hits incus, (bones hitting is mechanical), incus taps stapes, stapes taps on oval window (entry to cochlea) this is electrochemical energy