Some-Anatomy You Used to Know (Ear Anatomy)
Name the cartilaginous structure which funnels sound into the EAM
Pinna
In which bone is the inner ear housed?
Temporal Bone
Define speech perception
How we assign meaning to an acoustic sound.
What are Otoacoustic Emissions tests commonly used for?
Widely used in infant hearing screening programs
Name the three types of hearing loss.
Conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss.
What are the three bones called that transmit sound from the tympanic membrane to the oval window?
The Ossicular Chain
What is the purpose of the stapedius muscle?
To attenuate loud sounds via the stapedial reflex.
How are dipthongs perceived?
Based on their formant transitions
What is the name of the test which assesses admittance of air pressure in the middle ear?
Tympanometry
Name one measure to prevent congenital or acquired hearing loss.
Prenatal care, vaccinations, and ear protection.
What structure carries electrical impulses from the cochlea to the brain?
The Auditory Nerve
Why is the external auditory meatus a quarter wave resonator?
It is a tube that is opened at one end and closed at the other end.
Why are consonants more difficult to perceive for individuals with hearing loss?
They occur at higher frequencies than vowels.
What is on the x and y axis of the audiogram?
Frequency on the x axis and intensity on the y axis.
What are the external parts of a cochlear implant?
The microphone, speech processor, transmitter, and battery.
What is the name of the sensory organ of hearing?
Organ of Corti
Which is the narrow end of the basilar membrane? It is more responsive to high frequencies.
The basal end
Explain how the speech banana relates to speech perception?
It identifies the frequencies and intensities at which different classes of phonemes occur.
Why are newborn hearing screenings essential as a part of their first round of tests after birth?
It is essential for diagnosis and intervention to begin as quickly as possible.
Name 3 genetic syndromes associated with congenital hearing loss?
Down Syndrome, Usher Syndrome, Treacher Collins Syndrome, Crouzon Syndrome, Alport Syndrome, Waarddenburg Syndrome
Middle Ear, Nasopharynx
Name the four types of energy transduced in the ear?
Acoustic pressure waves, mechanical energy, fluid vibrations, and electrical energy.
What are the two measures used to assess speech perception in a more naturalistic context?
Articulation index and phonetic transcription
How many milliseconds after auditory stimulation does the ABR measure for activity?
10 milliseconds
Which acquired hearing loss diagnosis has symptoms of sensorineural hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus, and sensitivity to loud sounds?
Ménière's Disease