Stroke
What are the two different type of stroke?
ischemic and hemorrhagic
What is a normal ICP?
What is < 15 mmHg?
What is the name for a fracture at the base of the skull?
Basilar fracture
What diagnostic test collects CSF to diagnose meningitis?
lumbar puncture
What is the name of the most grave posturing position?
Decerebrate
What is the priority diagnostic for a patient suspected of a stroke?
CT scan
According to the Monroe-Kellie doctrine, what are the three intracerebral components that must remain constant?
CSF, blood, and brain tissue
What is the name for a bleed that occurs between the dura and the inner skull?
Epidural hematoma
What is nuchal rigidity?
Neck stiffness
What is cushings triad?
elevated pulse pressure
bradycardia
bradypnea
What does BEFAST stand for?
S/S of a stroke
B= balance unsteady
E= eyes blurry
F= facial drooping
A= Arm weakness
S= Speech difficulty
T= Time to call 911
What are the three most common symptoms of increased ICP?
Vomiting, headache, change in LOC
Which type of head bleed is typically caused by damage of a vein?
subdural hematoma
What kind of pathogen most commonly causes encephalitis?
List 3 non-pharmacological interventions to help decrease ICP.
Turn down lights, group cares, neck in neutral position, HOB elevated 30-45 degrees, keep room cool
What is the maximum last known well time for a patient to receive thrombolytic therapy?
3-4 hours
What device can simultaneously measure ICP and drain CSF?
Ventriculostomy
What is a battle sign and what head injury does it indicacte?
Bruise behind the ears, basilar fracture
What is Brudzinski's sign?
Involuntary flexion of the hips in response to passive flexion of the neck with the patient in a supine position
What medication is most effective in decreasing ICP?
mannitol
What procedure can be done to prevent an embolitic stroke in a patient with A. Fib?
Left arterial appendage occlusion (watchman)
What is the preferred sedation medication for those with increased ICP?
Propofol
How can you determine if a patient has a CSF leak?
-Halo's sign
-Glucose test (no blood present)
Blood patch
How do you calculate cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
MAP-ICP