Rise of the Princeps
This 31 BC naval battle made Octavian the undisputed ruler of Rome after he defeated Antony and Cleopatra.
The Battle of Actium
These two major rivers were established as the permanent natural boundaries for the Roman Empire's northern frontier.
Rhine & Danube
These eagle-shaped symbols represented the honor of each legion; Augustus made their recovery a top priority.
Roman Standards
Augustus famously claimed he found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of this valuable material.
Marble
This is the name of the first Roman dynasty, which included Augustus, Tiberius, and Nero.
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
To avoid being called "king," Augustus preferred this title, which means "first citizen."
Princeps
This was the site of a 9 AD military disaster where Germanic tribes destroyed three full Roman legions.
Teutoburg Forest
This empire, a successor to the Persians, ruled lands east of the Euphrates and was Rome’s main threat in the East.
Parthian Empire
This poet was sponsored by Augustus to write the Aeneid, an epic that served as political propaganda
Virgil
Because he had no biological sons, Augustus had only this one daughter to use for strategic marriage alliances.
Julia the Elder
During the civil wars, these state-sponsored "hit lists" were used to eliminate political enemies.
Proscriptions
Augustus reportedly shouted, "Give me back my legions!" in his sleep, directed at this Roman commander.
Publius Quinctilius Varus
Augustus installed a pro-Roman client king in this region to serve as a "buffer state" against Parthia.
Armenia
In the Aeneid, Virgil promotes the idea that Rome is a "sine fine" empire, which means this.
"without end"
This brilliant general and close friend of Augustus married Julia and was a key part of early succession plans.
Marcus Agrippa
This is the monthly allotment of free food Augustus made permanent to ensure mass popularity and prevent unrest.
Grain Dole
This Germanic chieftain, trained in Roman tactics, betrayed Governor Varus and led the ambush in the forest.
Arminius
The Roman standards were originally lost in 53 BC during this disastrous battle led by Marcus Crassus
Battle of Carrhae
To celebrate his success, Augustus personally gave 300 of these silver coins to every member of the plebeian class.
Sesterces
These two grandsons were Augustus's first choices for heirs before they both died suddenly of illness.
Gaius and Lucius
True or False: Augustus openly declared himself a monarch and abolished all traditional Republican offices like the Senate.
FALSE (he held the appearance of a Republic)
After the defeat in 9 AD, Rome permanently abandoned plans to conquer which region?
A) Gaul
B) Parthia
C) Germania
D) Egypt
Germania
Instead of a massive invasion, Augustus used this peaceful method to recover the lost eagles from the Parthians.
Diplomacy
Multiple Choice: Which of these was a social reform enacted by Augustus to strengthen traditional Roman values?
A) Abolishing the Grain Dole
B) Making adultery illegal
C) Lowering taxes for all
D) Banning the Aeneid
B) Making adultery illegal
True or False: Augustus looked at the failure of Alexander the Great to plan for his empire's future as a mistake to avoid.
TRUE