Who's That Guy?
Who is the founder of person-centred therapy?
Carl Rogers
What is a key limitation that is common to CBT, behavioral therapy, person-centered therapy, and existential therapy?
Can be too individualistic for people with more collectivist cultural backgrounds
Define Externalizing
Externalizing is the act of mentally separating person from problem. For example: rather than the client "being anxious", Anxiety is impacting them and their life in certain ways
What is a dual relationship?
A dual relationship occurs when a therapist has some other connection with a client besides client-therapist. These additional connections may influence therapist's ability to maintain a professional distance, and are generally discouraged. While dual relationships are not always avoidable (small towns are a common example), clear boundaries, consultation and referrals when necessary ensure appropriate and ethical handling of dual relationships.
Rogers believed that 1 of the 3 key therapist attributes was congruence. What does Congruence mean?
Being real and genuine
Who are the key figures in the creation of Narrative Therapy?
Michael White and David Epston
How does the view of motivation differ between Psychoanalytic Therapy and Adlerian Therapy?
Psychoanalytic focuses on past experiences and biological urges whereas Adlerian therapy focuses on social relationships and finding meaning.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
An aim to increase behaviour by adding a positive stimulus (reward)
True or False?: Therapists should NEVER use drugs or alcohol, as their clients rely on them to be 100% physically and mentally sound.
FALSE! This stigma around therapists is not helpful: Therapists are people too, and just because they are a therapist does not mean that they are 100% perfect. Just as everyone else, substances should be used responsibly, without any potential to interfere with their therapist duties or increase burnout.
What is the difference between transference and counter-transference?
Transference is when a client unconsciously redirects feelings and attitudes from past relationships (often from early caregivers) onto the therapist.
Countertransference is the reverse: when the Therapist projects their personal "stuff" onto the client/the therapeutic relationship.
What is Marsha M. Linehan known for?
She created Dialectical Behaviour Therapy
What are the key differences between Existentialism and Humanism?
Existentialists focus on harsh reality, Humanists focus on the positive. Both prioritize personal agency and capability
What is the purpose of Logotherapy?
Helps individuals find purpose even in suffering. It emphasizes freedom, responsibility, and meaning-making as paths to healing.
Name Three Exceptions to Confidentiality
Duty to report: harm to self, Duty to report: harm to others, Duty to report: abuse/neglect of child or vulnerable others, Subpoena, Supervision/Consultation
How would you define "therapeutic alliance" in the context of counselling?
A collaborative and trusting relationship between therapist and client, essential for effective therapy as it fosters a safe environment where clients can explore their thoughts and feelings.
This German Philosopher encouraged individuals to embrace their “will to power” to live creatively and authentically
Fredrich Nietzsche
What are some key differences between Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), and Cognitive Therapy (CT)?
REBT (developed by Albert Ellis) is based on philosophical principles, while CT (developed by Aaron T. Beck) is based on empirical evidence. Next, REBT emphasizes the therapist as teacher, while CT focuses on socratic dialogue to spark meaningful back-and-forth communication (collaborative empiricism). Lastly, REBT focuses on “irrational beliefs,” while CT defines them as “cognitive distortions.”
What is the 4th proposition of Existential Therapy?
The search for meaning
What is the final step of ethical decision making?
Follow up to evaluate outcomes and determine if change is needed
Which term best defines: "A main life aim or goal, a personal law of movement, and the individual’s opinion, assessment, and evaluation of themselves and the problems or tasks of life they must face"
Style of Life or Lifestyle
Which Danish Philosopher is known for creating the concept if Angst?
Kierkegaard
Which approaches have a Social Constructivist worldview in common?
All of the Postmodern approaches including: SFBT, MI, Narrative, and Feminist
What are 5 key interventions in Gestalt Therapy?
5 from: experiments, exaggeration, chair work, rehearsal, future projection, making the rounds, reversal exercise, internal dialogue, dreamwork, staying with the feelings
Under what circumstances could someone under the age of 18 consent to therapy?
A minor must either be fully emancipated (all legal and medical decision making rights) or be assessed and declared a Mature Minor. Generally neither of these things happens for someone under the age of 16 and the processes for both can be lengthy
Viktor Frankl used this term to describe the sense of emptiness and lack of purpose experienced when someone struggles to find meaning in their life
Existential Vacuum