First Fleet
What year did the first fleet arrive? how many ships in total were there?
1788 - 11 ships
Who were the indigenous people? how long ago have they been occupying the land for?
Australis first nations people. lived 65,000 years ago
What year did the gold rush start? (hint when and where was gold first discovered?)
1851 - In NSW
What year did Australia federate? What does federation mean?
1901. Unification of the separate colonies into one unified country
What was the experience of the convicts on the first and second fleet? what were they faced with?
Harsh - diseases, hunger and death in some cases
Why was Australia chosen for the establishment of a penal colony?
Too many prisoners in Britain due to industrial revolution. Needed a place to send them too
How did they communicate with the aboriginal people? what did they do?
Kidnapped a few aboriginal men and taught them how to read and write. Acted as translators and messengers between the two
What did you need to carry with you at all times if you were mining for gold?
A gold licence. 2 pounds
What was the white Australia policy? why was it implemented
A policy aimed at maintaining a white Australia. To reduce the number of migrants coming from non-European countries, particularly China. Fear of being outnumbered
What is the difference between a free settler and a convict?
Free - By choice
Convict - Priosner/criminal
What type of offeces did the convicts do that led them to be transported to Aus? how young could they be?
Theft, homelessness. 9 years old
What does Terra Nullius mean? Why did they think this?
No body's land. or empty land.
Didn't acknowledge aboriginal peoples existence due to the lack of infrastructure or establishments in the colonies.
Identify some of the living and working conditions of the gold rush
Lived cramped in tents. Lack of access to fresh water and sanitation. Diseases and unbearable smells. no medical care. Injuries and death
Defence - greater army
Economy - cheaper tax and richer together
Nationalism - Shared commonalities and pride in country
What contribution did the convicts make to Australia's colonies?
Contributed to the establishment of roads, transport, buildings, towns and bridges. It was built on their backs
What went wrong with the second fleet?
Took a shorter route and didn't stop for supplies or resources. Convicts starved and got more sick and deaths.
Myall Creel Massacre. 30 killed by Europeans (were slaughtered). Fights over land and stolen cattle.
7 white men were hung and justice was served
What was the name of the significant event that occured in Bendigo at the gold fields? what happened?
The Eureka Stockade. 1854. Miners rebellion against tha authority due to gold licence. they burned them to send a message and earned the right to vote and licence was abolished.
What are some of the challenges that the colonies faced with federation?
Railway widths, disagreements and lack of representation due to smaller population colonies like western Australia.
Convicts would leave a message/love note for their loved ones. How did they do this?
On a coin. Left an inscription
VIC, NSW, South Aus, Tas, Queensland, Western Aus.
Tasmania
What effect did colonistaion have on aborginal people?
Land dispossession, introduction of diseases, discrimination and conflict led to the reduction in their population.
What is sinophobia? Why was this widespread amongst the colonies?
Fear of Chinese people. Due to them being more successful at mining gold, working in groups and because they were overall different language, food, customs and culture. Seen as a threat
How was federation achieved? What did they create to make it official?
Two referendums (national votes)
Constitution written up - outlining all the principles and rules on how Australia should be governed.
What was the most significant impact of colonisation in Australia? As a group, tell me which event/theme you felt was most significant and justify your response (note - there are no right or wrong answers)
Answers will vary