A
Which British explorer "discovered" Australia?
James Cook
Why was Britain looking for a new colony?
After the American War of Independence in 1783, Britain needed a new place to send convicts and establish a colony.
What term did the British use to justify claiming Australia as their own, despite the presence of Indigenous peoples?
Terra Nullius
Explain what Terra Nullius is.
'Land without a master'
Which group of people were initially sent to Australia?
Convicts
What restrictions were placed on Aboriginal people’s personal lives?
Laws controlled where they could work, whom they could marry, and limited their freedom.
Which governor handed out blankets?
Governor Darling
What was the name given to the clothes that were gifted to the Aborigines?
Slop
What did Protection Boards do?
Protection Boards were established to manage the welfare of Aboriginal people and were given legal authority over Aboriginal children.
How did British settlers' arrival impact the traditional lifestyle of the Aboriginal people?
Aboriginal people could no longer live as hunter-gatherers and became reliant on settlers for food.
Why did many Aboriginal people experience poverty during colonization?
They were forced to work for low wages on settler farms and often relied on settlers for sustenance.
What European disease killed many Aboriginal people?
Smallpox.
How did some Aboriginal groups resist British colonization?
Through Guerilla warfare.
What theories influenced Australian policies regarding Aboriginal people in the early 20th century?
Racial Suicide and Racial Decay
How many British children were sent to Australia?
10 000
What did settlers attribute the decline of the Aboriginal population to, according to Social Darwinism?
Settlers believed Aboriginal people were less “fit” to survive and would naturally die out
Explain racial suicide.
Settlers believed Aboriginal people were less “fit” to survive and would naturally die out.
How did the population of Australia change after the British arrived?
Population decreased from 1 million to around 60 000.
Who were Dr. Cecil Cook and A.O. Neville, and what was their role?
They were administrators who implemented policies aimed at assimilating Aboriginal people by reducing their “blackness.”
Who are the ‘Stolen Generation'?
Aboriginal children forcibly taken from their families between 1909 and 1970; many never reunited with their parents.
What types of abuses did child migrants face in religious institutions in Australia?
Many faced physical and sexual abuse, poor living conditions, and were denied proper education.
What formal action did the Australian government take in 2008 regarding the Stolen Generation?
The issued an apology.
What is Social Darwinism?
The belief in “survival of the fittest”—the idea that certain people/races become powerful in society because they are innately better.
What is National Sorry Day and when is it celebrated?
National Sorry Day is observed on May 26 to commemorate the Stolen Generations and promote reconciliation.
When did the Australian government establish an inquiry into the effects of the Stolen Generation?
1995