Indigenous Australians
Why were Indigenous Australians not allowed to enlist at the start of WWII?
Because military policy said only people of “substantially European descent” could join — Indigenous Australians were excluded due to racism and discriminatory laws.
What does ANZAC stand for?
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
What was the role of Australian nurses in WWI?
Treated wounded soldiers in field hospitals or ships.
In what year did WWI begin?
1914
What does ‘O’ stand for in IOPCAM?
Origin
Name one reason why some Aboriginal men joined the army.
A strong sense of duty and loyalty to their country, the desire to earn a wage and gain an education, and perhaps the hope of achieving greater equality after the war.
Name one hardship soldiers faced in the trenches.
Constant threat of attack, unsanitary living conditions (rats and lice), health risks (trench foot), psychological issues.
What dangers did nurses face in the war? Provide one example.
Disease, bombings, exhaustion, harsh conditions.
What happened on the 25th of April 1915?
Landing at Gallipoli
Which IOPCAM element asks us: “What was happening at the time the source was created?”
Context
About how many Indigenous Australians served in WWI?
Around 1000
What was the name of the first major campaign ANZACs fought in?
Gallipoli
Name one overseas country where Australian nurses helped treat wounded soldiers.
Belgium, Egypt, England, France, Greece and India.
What symbol is commonly worn to remember fallen soldiers in WWI?
The red poppy
If a photo was taken in 1915 by an Australian war correspondent, would it be a primary or secondary source?
Primary
Why did Australia allow Indigenous Australians to enlist in the war in 1917?
Fewer and fewer Australians were willing to enlist as the war went on and casualty numbers rose, so the government relaxed restrictions because they needed more men for the war effort.
Why did many Australians volunteer to go to war in 1914? Provide one example.
Loyalty to Britain 'the mother country’, the need for regular pay, to pursue combat, adventure and glory, to escape a normal life and to take up an opportunity to see the world, pressure from society and the government.
How were Australian nurses recognised or awarded for their service during World War I?
Some received medals like the Military Medal or Royal Red Cross for bravery and service, and they also received public recognition.
Which countries were Australia’s main allies in WWI? Provide one example.
Britain, New Zealand, France, Russia (Allied Powers)
Why is it important to consider the role of the creator when looking at the perspective of a source?
Because the creator’s background, position, beliefs, or purpose can influence what they say or show in the source — it helps us understand bias or point of view.
How were Indigenous soldiers often treated differently after returning from the war? Provide one example.
Excluded from government benefits, returned to discrimination, not recognised for their service.
Provide one example of how the terrain at Gallipoli made fighting difficult.
Steep cliffs, dry scrub, rocky ridges, hard to dig in, exposed positions.
What was the name of the group Australian nurses joined to serve during the war?
Australian Army Nursing Service – AANS
Why was John Simpson Kirkpatrick known as the "Man with the Donkey"?
Because he used a donkey to carry wounded soldiers from the front lines at Gallipoli back to medical stations, often under fire.
A WWI poster says: “Enlist now – your country needs YOU!” What is the audience and motive of this source?
Audience - Australian men who could join the army. Motive - To persuade them to enlist in the war.