People
What happened in 1968, causing outrage amongst the American and Australian population?
My Lai Massacre
According to Paul Ham, what kind of welcome home did most soldiers recieve?
negative, they were not welcomed with parades
Who did America provide assistance to at first to try and stop the spread of communism in Vietnam?
Chinese Revolution (1945 - 49)
Korean War (1950 - 53)
Malayan Emergency (1948 - 1960)
Taiwan Strait Crisis (1954 - 58)
Indonesian Confrontation (1963 - 66)
What is the National Service Scheme?
conscription of 20 year old males
Which Prime Minister officially ended Australia's involvement in Vietnam?
strike involves people from same industry e.g. nurses, teachers. moratorium is everyone
Was the domino theory proven true or false? why?
false - because communism never spread beyond Vietnam
The Vietnam War was a ______ war in the Cold War
proxy
forward defence
Males of which age were placed into the lottery for National Service?
(all those turning) 20 years old
Which US President came up with Vietnamization?
Richard Nixon
When did Australia send advisors to help South Vietnam?
1962
How did Harold Holt differ from his predecessor Robert Menzies?
he was much more progressive and hip
The Americans were well-versed in _____warfare, and were unable to fight in a _________war
Identify the 3 main reasons which contributed to Australia's withdrawal from the Vietnam War. Bonus 100 points for the 4th reason
It was futile (they couldn't win)
Public response (moratoriums)
Following US lead
Liberal Party wanted to win upcoming election
What metaphor does George Kennan use in his Long Telegram to describe communism?
malignant parasite that feeds on diseases tissue
Who said that Australia was "all the way witH LBJ?"
Harold Holt
When was the Battle of Long Tan?
1966
Why do most historians claim the moratoriums had little impact on the government's decision to withdraw?
Bc they had already started to do so before the protests
During the Cold War, politicians feared being accused of being communist. What was this phenomenon called?
McCarthyism
Identify all 6 reasons for Australia's entry into the war
SVN's request, fear of communism, fear of abandonment, treaty obligations, US pressure, safety in the Pacific region
What does SEATO stand for?
Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation
Who started the National Service Scheme?
Robert Menzies
Name one of the main groups involved in organising the moratoriums
Save Our Sons
Vietnam Moratorium Campaign
The polls show that the majority of Australians supported _________, but many did not support ________.
involvement in the war, conscription
OR
conscription, sending conscripts to Vietnam
The metaphorical name used to describe the division between East and West during Cold War
Iron Curtain
What was the irony behind SEATO?
the majority of members were not in South East Asia
Name the three countries that made up French Indochina
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
Who was the Opposition Leader when Robert Menzies announced that Australia would enter the war?
Arthur Calwell
How did the Petrov Affair affect Australian politics?
it caused the Labor Party to split
Menzies claimed Australia would enter the Vietnam War due to a request for help from South Vietnam. Explain why this is so controversial in retrospect.
The US policy of pacification was central to their mission in South Vietnam - what is it?
to gain trust of the vietnamese people so they don't convert to communism
it was the first time we formed an official partnership
What does AATTV stand for?
Australian Army Training Team Vietnam
Who came up with the domino theory?
What happened to the South Vietnamese Gov after they assassinated Ngo Dinh Diem?
unstable and could not maintain leadership i.e. 6 different leaders between 1963-75
What do the Vietnamese call the Vietnam War?
Second Indochina War
The US intervention in Vietnam was unusual bc it's foreign policy had only recently shifted from what to what?
Isolationism to interventionism
Provide two reasons that the Leader of the Labor Party opposed Menzies' decision to enter the war?
What was the name of the base that 1ATF (the Australians) were responsible for defending? bonus 300 points if you know what it means in English
Nui Dat
Dirt mountain
The National Liberation Front are otherwise known as...?
Viet Cong
Explain what happened during the Tet Offensive.
US believed the communists would not attack or be active during Lunar New Year so they let their guard down. Communists launched attacks all over the South including US Embassy which made it a propaganda win for them.
Explain why both the Australians and Viet Cong were able to claim victory at the Battle of Long Tan
Australians successfully defended their base
Viet Cong successfully ambushed the Australians (and removed their casualties and claimed they killed more Australians than they lost)
Was US President John F. Kennedy for or against increased involvement in Vietnam?
for, US involvement escalated greatly under his presidency
Explain the success of Operation Overlord
successful in pushing back Viet Cong in short term, but they returned as soon as Australians left
521
Paul Hasluck
Name two things that was decided at the Geneva Conference.
Vietnam split in half along 17th parallel
They would hold democratic elections in two yrs time
France would gradually withdraw after its defeat
Name the three different historical schools of thought for interpreting historical events (not just relevant to Vietnam War)
traditional, revisionist, post-revisionist
Why have historians claimed that the Vietnam War and Afghanistan War were similar? (at least two reasons)
Because America intervened, made things worse, forced to fight a long costly war, and then withdrew because they had lost
Why did Australia feel abandoned by Britain after WWII?
because Britain formed an alliance with Japan despite it's hostility towards others in the Pacific incl. Aus
Name one thing the Pentagon Papers revealed
The US gov escalated their involvement without telling the people, that they had assisted France militarily during First Indochina War, LBJ intensified war even though he was telling people he would decrease involvement