Autoimmunity /
GBS Intro
GBS Intro
The type of tolerance that deals with escaped autoreactive B and T cells.
What is peripheral tolerance?
This immunological phenomenon occurs when pathogen antigens resemble host molecules and trigger autoimmunity.
What is molecular mimicry?
These innate immune cells infiltrate peripheral nerves and phagocytose myelin following complement activation.
What are macrophages?
The pattern of muscle weakness in Guillian-Barré Syndrome that typically begins in the legs and spreads upwards through the body.
What is ascending paralysis?
The name of an autoimmune disease other than GBS mentioned during last Thursday’s class.
What is Type 1 diabetes, Multiple sclerosis, OR Rheumatoid arthritis?
The sex group most affected by GBS.
Who are males?
The antibodies that bind gangliosides and trigger complement activation in GBS are primarily which subtypes/class?
What are IgG - specifically IgG1 and IgG3?
The autoimmune subtype where macrophages phagocytoses myelin sheaths.
What is AIDP?
The abnormal sensation described as “pins and needles” that many GBS patients experience in their hands and feet.
What is paresthesia?
Name the primary autoantigens targeted in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
What are gangliosides?
The name of the nerves GBS targets.
What are the nerves that control muscle movement/nerves that transmit pain, temperature and sensation?
The bacterial surface molecules responsible for molecular mimicry in GBS.
What are lipooligosaccharides (LOS)?
The molecules that function as chemoattractants for macrophage recruitment.
What are C3a and C5a?
The diagnostic procedure where cerebrospinal fluid is collected from the spinal canal to analyze protein levels in suspected GBS patients?.
What is the lumbar puncture (spinal tap) procedure?
What is the most common subtype of GBS
What is AIDP?
All the strategies that peripheral tolerance has for dealing with escaped autoreactive cells.
What is apoptosis (induce cell death), anergy (not respond to antigens), regulation via T regulatory cells (antigen-specific inhibitors of activation)?
The gangliosides most commonly targeted by auto-antibodies.
What are GM1, GD1a, and GQ1b?
The immune imbalance characterized by reduced anti-inflammatory regulation and increased inflammatory cytokine production
What is Treg deficiency with Th17 dominance?
These two frontline GBS treatments work by reducing circulating autoantibodies that target peripheral nerve gangliosides and drive complement-mediated nerve damage.
What are intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) and plasma exchange (plasmapheresis)?
In Guillain-Barré syndrome, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid obtained by lumbar puncture typically reveals elevated levels of this molecule despite relatively few immune cells being present.
What are proteins?
The infection that is the cause of about a third of all GBS cases.
What is Campylobacter jejuni?
Antibody binding to gangliosides at the nodes of Ranvier recruits complement proteins that disrupt clustering of these components the peripheral nerves, ultimately impairing nerve conduction.
What are voltage gated sodium channels?
The degenerative nerve process caused by axoplasmic condensation and macrophage activity.
What is Wallerian-like degeneration?
This bacterial enzyme therapy being investigated for GBS works by cleaving IgG antibodies, preventing them from activating complement on peripheral nerves.
What is the IdeS enzyme?
This variant of GBS is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and loss of reflexes due to antibodies targeting cranial nerve gangliosides.
What is Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS)?