CAR BASICS
This circular component is turned by the driver to control the vehicle's direction.
Steering Wheel
RPM is short for this measurement of rotational speed.
Revolution per minute
EV stands for this.
Electric Vehicle
ADAS stands for this.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
This Japanese automaker produces the Corolla.
Toyota
This instrument indicates how fast a vehicle is traveling.
This abbreviation commonly refers to an Electronic Control Unit.
ECU
This abbreviation describes a vehicle containing both an internal-combustion engine and an electric propulsion system.
HEV
This driver-assistance feature automatically maintains a selected vehicle speed.
Cruise control
This German automaker's logo consists of four interlocking rings.
Audi
In a gasoline engine, this component creates the spark that ignites the air-fuel mixture.
Spark Plug
This vehicle network protocol is widely used for communication between electronic control units.
CAN
This power-electronics device converts DC battery power into AC power for many traction motors.
Inverter
This sensor technology creates distance measurements using pulses of laser light.
LiDAR
This Italian sports-car manufacturer is associated with the Prancing Horse symbol.
Ferrari
This system transfers engine power to the driven wheels through selectable gear ratios.
Transmission
In the four-stroke cycle, these are the four strokes.
Intake, Compression, Combustion, Exhaust
This phenomenon describes gradual loss of usable battery capacity and performance over time.
Battery degradation
This technology allows functionality in a vehicle to be updated remotely through a network connection.
OTA / Over-the-Air
This motorsport series uses cars specifically designed for open-wheel, single-seat racing.
F1
This component converts the pistons' reciprocating motion into rotational motion.
Crankshaft
This engineering metric compares an engine's actual air intake with its theoretical displacement capacity
Volumetric efficiency
This thermal-management concern can occur when a battery cell generates heat faster than it can dissipate it, potentially triggering neighboring cells.
Thermal runaway
This newer architecture organizes vehicle electronics largely by physical location or zones, connecting them to centralized computing.
Zonal architecture
This aerodynamic force pushes a racing car toward the road as its speed increases.
downforce