Body Designs
Engines
Transmission and Axle Configuration
Drives
Chassis
100
  • Enclosed body with a maximum of four doors
  • soft-top versions have two doors
  • Fixed roof
  • Luggage storage in a trunk at the rear of the vehicle, accessible from a trunk lid

Sedan

100
  • Engine configuration: the way engine cylinders are arranged
  • Multi-cylinder internal combustion automotive engines produced in four common configurations:
  • In-line
  • Horizontally opposed
  • V
  • VR and W
  • Engines with tilted cylinder banks
  • To reduce height of engine and hood
  • Flat engine
  • Varying number of cylinders
  • May be arranged in more than one row

Piston Engines

100
  • Transmits engine power to a driveshaft, final drive and differential gears, and driving axles
  • Usually used in front-engine, rear-wheel drive vehicles

Transmission

100
  • Used by conventional vehicles to transmit torque from the transmission to the final drive

Driveshaft

100
  • an underlying support structure for vehicles on which additional components are mounted

Chassis

200
  • Two doors
  • Rigid vehicle structure
  • Two standard-size seats in front, two smaller seats behind
  • Fixed-roof and convertible style
  • Trunk for storage

Coupe

200
  • Cylinders arranged side by side in a row
  • 3, 4, 5, and 6-cylinder configurations
  • Mounted longitudinally or transversely in the engine bay
  • Easier to work on

In-Line

200
  • Self-contained unit with the transmission, final drive gears, and differential located in one casing
  • Used on front-engine, front-wheel drive vehicles or rear-engine, rear-wheel drive vehicles
  • Used on some sports cars with front-engine, rear-wheel drive, with the ____________ connected to the engine by a driveshaft

Transaxle

200
  • Provides a final gear reduction to multiply the torque before applying it to the drive axles

Final

200
  • Bodywork partially or wholly integrated as a single unit with the chassis
  • Vehicle body part of the vehicle structure
  • Quick manufacture, light weight, less cost, fuel efficient

Unibody

300
  • Three-door and five-door designs
  • Odd-numbered door is a hatch that lifts up at the rear of the vehicle
  • Gives access to the luggage area
  • Rear seats
  • Fold down to increase the luggage area

Often split, providing more flexibility

Hatchback

300
  • 6, 8, 10, 12-cylinder configurations
  • Two banks of cylinders side by side with a common crankshaft
  • About twice the power output as an in-line engine of the same length

V

300

axle—propels the vehicle and supports its weight

Live

300
  • Has a driveshaft, a final drive and differential gears, and axles
  • Transfer case controls the drive to the front and rear axles

4WD

300
  • When a vehicle body is mounted on a rigid frame or chassis
  • Preferred way to build passenger vehicles

Body on frame

400
  • Extended roof to the rear of the vehicle
  • Increased luggage capacity
  • Usually fixed roof
  • Large rear door for easy access
  • Rear seats can usually be folded to increase storage capacity
  • Passenger capacity increased with extra seats in the rear of the vehicle

Station Wagon

400
  • Powerful for its size
  • Uses a roughly triangular rotor that turns inside a roughly oval-shaped housing
  • Mostly has two rotors
  • Has three combustion events for each rotation of the rotor
  • Design reduces the number of parts and makes it less complicated than a piston engine
Rotary
400
  • axle—extra axle at the rear in heavy vehicles that may be used only to support the weight of the vehicle

Lazy

400
  • Used on hard pavement
  • Methods of splitting the drive between the front and rear wheels
  • Some transfer cases use an electronically controlled multi-plate clutch
  • Viscous coupling
  • Torque is usually split 60% to front wheels and 40% to rear wheels

All-Wheel Drive

400
  • Gives the vehicle structural strength
  • Gives a platform on which to mount the engine, wheels, transmission, and all other mechanical components
  • Body bolted onto the frame

Traditional Chassis

500
  • Acts like both a full-size van and a pickup van
  • Has heavier duty chassis to carry heavier loads such as passengers, luggage, or cargo
  • Used to carry out multiple functions of different vehicles

Sports Utility Vehicle

500
  • Cylinders arranged side by side in a row
  • 3, 4, 5, and 6-cylinder configurations
  • Mounted longitudinally or transversely in the engine bay
  • Easier to work on

In-Line

500
  • axle—only supports the vehicle’s weight

dead

500
  • Divides the torque to the axles inside the final drive and allows for the difference in speed of each wheel when cornering

Differential Gear Set

500

DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!!!!!!!!

What innovation did Henry Ford introduce during the industrial revolution that changed car manufacturing allowing average people to afford a car?

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