AUTONOMIC RECEPTORS & MECHANISMS
This division of the ANS is responsible for “rest and digest.”
Parasympathetic nervous system
This muscarinic antagonist is used to treat bradycardia and organophosphate poisoning.
Atropine
Albuterol is an agonist at this receptor subtype.
Beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Barbiturates increase what property of the GABA-A chloride channel opening?
Duration of channel opening
Caffeine acts by antagonizing this receptor type.
Adenosine receptors
Which autonomic receptor subtype causes bronchodilation when activated?
β2 adrenergic receptor
This muscarinic antagonist is used as a motion-sickness patch.
Scopolamine
This nonselective beta blocker is contraindicated in asthma.
Propranolol
Alcohol withdrawal can cause this life-threatening condition characterized by hallucinations and autonomic instability.
Delirium tremens
This opioid causes miosis, constipation, and respiratory depression.
Morphine
Acetylcholine released onto sweat glands acts on this receptor type.
Muscarinic M3 receptors
What is the toxicologic triad of organophosphate poisoning?
DUMBBELSS (diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, sweating, salivation)
This alpha-1 agonist is used to treat nasal congestion.
Phenylephrine
This drug class is safer than barbiturates because it increases frequency—not duration—of Cl⁻ channel opening.
Benzodiazepines
Which stimulant blocks adenosine reuptake and increases intracellular cAMP levels?
Caffeine
Which second messenger increases following β1 receptor activation?
cAMP
Organophosphate poisoning leads to overstimulation of this receptor class, causing bronchospasm, bradycardia, and salivation.
Muscarinic receptors
This alpha-1 blocker is used in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Tamsulosin
Which CNS depressant acts via NMDA receptor antagonism and can cause dissociative anesthesia?
Ketamine
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of these three monoamines.
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
What term describes the conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA, the rate-limiting step of catecholamine synthesis?
Tyrosine hydroxylation
This drug reactivates acetylcholinesterase in early organophosphate poisoning.
Pralidoxime (2-PAM)
This drug causes “cheese reaction” hypertension when mixed with tyramine-rich foods.
MAO inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine)
Name the severe complication of rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia in chronic alcohol use disorder
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (central pontine myelinolysis)
Seizures, severe hypertension, and arrhythmias may result from overdose of this stimulant, which also acts as a local anesthetic
Cocaine