Sympathetic
These nerve roots are responsible for the sympathetic nervous system.
What is T1-L2/L3?
This famous phrase describes the action of the parasympathetic nervous system.
What is "Rest and Digest?"
What are Gq and Gi?
These receptors use primarily affect this G-protein subunit.
What is the G stimulatory alpha-subunit?
When stimulated, these receptors can induce these two major responses.
What is inhibition and excitation?
These receptors are found at the effector organs for the SNS.
What are muscarinic receptors?
This is the primary neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system.
What is acetylcholine?
This effect of alpha-1 receptors functions to raise blood pressure.
What is vasoconstriction?
This protein stimulates the production of the second messenger cAMP.
What is adenylyl cyclase?
The M2 receptor is primarily associated with decreasing these two cardiovascular actions.
What are heart rate and contractility?
This is the major neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system.
What is norepinephrine?
This is the parasympathetic effect on smooth muscle in the lungs.
What is bronchoconstriction?
Alpha-2 receptors can decrease this hormone from the Islets of Langerhan.
What is insulin?
Binding to the beta-1 receptor is responsible for the release of this blood pressure altering chemical from the kidneys.
What is renin?
The M3 receptor has this effect on the pupillary sphincter, ciliary muscle, and bladder.
What is smooth muscle contraction?
These glands uniquely use sympathetic signaling despite their receptor type.
What are sweat glands?
Acetylcholine triggers the release of this potent vasodilator.
What is nitric oxide?
This enzyme is unable to be activated by cAMP after the binding of catecholamines to alpha-2 receptors.
What is Protein Kinase A?
This beta receptor is responsible for the relaxation of the detrusor muscle.
What is beta-3?
Muscarinic receptors use G protein-coupled receptors to activate these two second messenger systems.
What are inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)?
These are the corresponding lengths for pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic axons of the SNS.
What is short pre-ganglionic and long post-ganglionic axons?
This enzyme is responsible for the degradation of the major neurotransmitter for the Parasympathetic Nervous System.
What is acetylcholinesterase?
What is alpha-1 receptor?
This beta receptor would be the most important to stimulate in order to combat an asthma attack.
What is the beta-2 receptor?
The downstream activation of IP3 after a ligand binds a muscarinic receptor releases this cation from the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is calcium (Ca2+)?