Sympathetic Nervous System
What neurotransmitter is released at the pre-ganglionic nerve terminal of all autonomic neurons?
Acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic nervous system use in post ganglionic neurons?
Acetylcholine
Dopamine & Epinephrine _(increase/decrease)_ heart rate and systolic blood pressure.
Increase
Cholinergic direct agonists are a group of drugs that mimic acetylcholine and binds to which two receptors?
Nicotinic, muscarinic
What are the three classes of drugs/substances that act as GABA-A receptor agonists?
Benzodiazepines, Barbituates, Alcohol
What are the main outcomes of stimulating the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors?
Vasoconstriction, increase in peripheral resistance, and pupil dilation
What receptors do post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers act on?
Muscarinic receptors
The indirect adrenergic agonist Ephedrine promotes the release of which neurotransmitter?
Norepinephrine
The blockage of acetylcholinesterase activity prevents what action at the synapse?
Acetylcholine degradation
GABA-A receptor agonists alter chloride channel activity, and cause a(n) __(increase/decrease)__ in neuronal transmission.
Decrease
Which receptors primarily control heart rate and contractility in the sympathetic nervous system?
Beta 2 receptors
The parasympathetic nervous system does the following: _(increase/decrease)_ heart rate, _(dilate/relax)_ pupils, _(dilate/relax)_ bronchioles.
Decrease, constrict, constrict
Activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors can cause reflex __.
Bradycardia
Which drug is specifically used as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which is used to treat atropine overdose?
Physostigmine
Which type of GABA-A receptor agonist class acts by prolonging the duration of chloride channel opening?
Barbituates
When acting on eccrine sweat glands, sympathetic fibers release __, acting on __ receptors.
Acetylcholine, Muscarinic
What effect does the PSNS have on the detrusor muscle of the bladder?
Constriction
Which drug class should be avoided in the treatment of patients with cocaine intoxication?
Beta blockers
The drugs Donepezil, Galantamine, and Rivastigmine are used to treat which disease?
Alzheimer's
Which type of GABA-A receptor agonist class acts by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening?
Benzodiazepines
Changes in blood pressure can be detected by __-receptors located in the aortic arch and carotid sinus, triggering a ___ reflex.
Baro-receptors, Baroreceptor Reflex
Which of the following correctly describes muscarinic receptors? Ligand gated channels, voltage gated channels, G-protein coupled receptors, or Tyrosine Kinase receptors?
G-protein coupled receptors
Which reversible alpha blocker can reverse the "cheese effect"?
Phentolamine
What is the primary effect of Bethanechol (direct agonist in cholinomimetics class) on the bladder?
Activation
Which drug is the antidote to sedative effects of benzodiazepines, such as in the case of respiratory depression?
Flumazenil