Liver-wurst
The liver has a large functional reserve and strong regenerative capacities. True or False.
TRUE!
What treatment is required when a patient has a gallbladder mucocele?
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
At what systolic blood pressure will you see a high risk of target organ damage to the kidney?
>180mmHg
What are the two main causes of AKI?
Toxins, infections
What "shape" are you looking for on ultrasound for a pyometra?
Name 2 toxins/drugs/food additive that can cause acute liver disease.
Drug options: Acetaminophen, carprofen, diazepam, ketoconazole, phenobarbital, ibuprofen, etc.
Food additives: Xylitol
Toxins: anticoagulant rodenticides, chocolate, ethylene glycol, marijuana
What causes a mucocele to form?
Excessive secretion of mucus by the gallbladder wall. The mucus then congeals.
At what stage of CKD will you begin to see azotemia?
What is the mainstay of AKI treatment therapy?
Fluid therapy!
What is the difference between an open and closed pyometra?
Open - cervix is dilated and infection can pass out of the uterus
Closed - cervix is closed and infection is trapped within the uterus
What additional tests should be completed if liver failure is suspected to assess clotting?
PT prothrombin time
APTT activated partial thromboplastin time
What is a portosystemic shunt?
At what stage of CKD will you commonly begin to see clinical signs?
Stage 3
BONUS! DOUBLE POINTS!
Name 3 medications you may commonly administer to a patient with AKI in the hospital.
Maropitant, ondansetron, metoclopramide, omeprazole, pantoprazole, sucralfate. If due to an infection - antibiotics. Consider pain - buprenorphine, methadone.
What drug will you see your doctors give to a dystocia patient prior to moving to surgery?
Oxytocin
BONUS! DOUBLE POINTS!
Why can clotting be affected with liver failure?
The liver is not adequately synthesizing and activating clotting factors. Also compromised because vitamin K is being depleted.
What are two clinical signs you may see in patients with a portosystemic shunt?
Stunted growth
Poor recovery from barbituates
Seizures
Ataxia
How often should a patient with Stage 4 CKD be seen for a chemistry panel and physical exam?
Every 1-3 months
Stranguria
Hematuria
Uremia
Vomiting dehydration hypothermia severe depression
Severe pain
What is the first thing you should do with a neonate once removed from the uterus?
Clear fetal membranes and suction mouth and pharynx
Why is LRS avoided in liver failure patients?
The liver is required to metabolize lactate - unmetabolized lactate can cause other issues.
What diagnostic test is used to diagnosis shunts?
Serum bile acids.
Name 2 tests that should be completed to evaluate the severity of CKD.
Ultrasound
Chemistry profiles - track progression
UAs, Urine cultures
BPs
Explain 3 recommendations that will be made for FLUTD patients.
Dietary recommendations
Environmental recommendations
Medication recommendations
What is the treatment for prostatic hyperplasia?