Anatomy
Psittacines are known as hookbills due to their _______ upper beaks
Curved
Birds must be provided with a ______ source, such as a cuttlefish bone or calcium block.
Calcium
When restraining larger birds, an Elizabethan hold can be used. The restrainers grip is placed around the _____region of the neck, giving the appearance of a chokehold.
Cervical
Trimming a birds _______ feathers is performed when there is a desire to decrease a birds ability to fly. These feathers are numbered 1 through 10.
Flight
This type of bone structure makes the avian skeleton light weight. They are linked with air sacs and filled with air.
Pneumatic bones
Large birds, such as macaws, can exert up to 300 ____ of pressure per square inch when biting with their beak.
Pounds
True or False: Normal bird droppings contain white urate, dark fecal material, and some liquid urine.
True
Subcutaneous injections can be given in the inguinal, axillary, and dorsal regions. However, the ______ region is the preferred site because it can hold larger fluid volumes.
Inguinal region
The shaft of this type of feather appears dark and will bleed profusely if accidentally cut or injured
Developing feathers (aka Blood Feather)
Most companion birds should have a diet comprised of _____% pellets and 30% fresh fruits/vegetables.
70%
Diets low in Vitamin A can be a predisposing factor for pododermatitis, which is seen as lesions on what part of the body?
The feet
When giving an intramuscular injection, the ______ muscles are most commonly used because of their large muscle mass.
Pectoral
Birds have a total of ______ air sacs; four paired and one unpaired.
Nine
Owners should be advised to avoid repetitively petting their bird over its back and tail because this action may inadvertently allow the bird to form a ______ bond.
Sexual bond (the bird mistakes this petting behavior as a form of courtship)
Stress bars are sometimes found on ______ and represent a period of malnutrition or stress while the feathers were developing.
Feathers
Birds have a renal portal system, meaning drugs administered in the caudal third of the body may go through the _______ before reaching the rest of the body. (Hint: they have a renal portal system)
Kidneys