HISTORY OF AVIATION
When did the first scientific principles of human flight appear?
The first scientific principles of human flight appeared in the 14-th century
In practical any airport can be divided into two main parts: the landing area (runways and taxiways) and the terminal area (aprons, buildings, car parking areas, hangars, etc.). There is also a third part - terminal air traffic control.
What airport services do you know?
flight assistance service, air traffic control services - airport traffic control, approach control, air route traffic control, radio communications and weather observation and forecasting service.
What is the purpose of aircraft instruments?
to detect, measure, record, process and analyze the variables encountered in flying an aircraft.
What elements are included in weather report?
Weather is composed of a number of elements such as the temperature and humidity of the air, atmospheric pressure, the speed and direction of the wind, air visibility and of special phenomena such as fog, storms and others.
Who was the first to study the problem of human flight?
The problem was studied by the great scientist Leonardo de Vinci. He observed the flight of birds, studied the air and its currents and designed a flying machine the wings of which were operated by a man.
The number of runways, their length and location depend on the volume and character of traffic, the prevailing wind direction and other factors.
What are supplementary services there at every airport?
rescue and security services, an airport clinic, a fire brigade, special vehicles and equipment units (water trucks, tow tractors, etc.).
What types of systems are aircraft instruments mainly based on?
They are mainly electrical, electronic, or gyroscopic.
What is the object of meteorological service?
The object of the meteorological service is to contribute to safety, efficiency and regularity of air traffic.
Who was the first Russian aeroplane designer? What plane was designed by him?
The first Russian aircraft designer was Alexander Mozhaisky. His airplane, a monoplane, with two light steam engines was tested on August I, 1882
Aprons are required for aircraft to make final checks prior to departure.
What services, besides flights, does the airport provide?
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The airport provides maintenance, overhaul and repair of stationary and mobile equipment, as well as the supply of electricity, water, heat, and air conditioning
What are aircraft instruments used for?
Aircraft instruments are used for obtaining information about the aircraft and its environment and presenting it to the pilot.
What weather information does the pilot get before the flight?
Pilots need the information about weather conditions along the route of flight and at the destination aerodrome
What did the Great Russian scientist D.I. Mendeleyev do in aeronautics?
The Great Russian scientist D.I.Mendeleyev is the author of man outstanding researches in aeronautics. He developed the principles of the stratostat design with a pressurized cabin.
The main function of the terminal buildings is to handle the departing and arriving passengers and their baggage.
What facilities does the airport have for passengers and operations?
The facilities include runways, air navigational aids, passenger and cargo terminals.
What aspects of the aircraft do instruments monitor?
They monitor the behavior of the engines, speed, height, attitude, and position of the aircraft.
What do the instruments at the meteorological stations indicate?
At every airport there is a meteorological station which is equipped with special instruments recording all changes in the atmosphere. They indicate air pressure and temperature, record wind speed and direction as well as the movements of clouds.
What did you know about the history of dirigible?
At the beginning of the 20-th century the dirigible was invented. The most known inventor of a dirigible is Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, a retired German army officer. His famous "Graf Zeppelin" in 1929 began a cruise which took 21 days 8 hours and 26 minutes to circle the world.
What are the main differences between domestic and international airport procedures, and why are additional checks required for international flights?
Domestic flights operate within one country and usually require only basic identification and security checks. International flights involve traveling between countries, so passengers must go through passport control, visa checks, and customs inspections. These additional procedures are required to control immigration, ensure security, and regulate the movement of goods between countries.
What amenities are available at the airport for travelers?
There is a hotel, a post office, bank offices, restaurants, and car rental firms.
How are aircraft usually named?
Aircraft are usually named after the designer or manufacturer, followed by a type code.
What categories are set up by ICAO?
Now there exist several categories set up by ICAO:
Category I - 200 ft ceiling and 1/2 mile visibility;
Category II- 100 ft ceiling and I/4 mile visibility;
Category III - landing under zero-zero conditions.