Let The Forces be With You
During flight, these 4 forces act on the airplane.
What are lift, weight ,thrust, and drag?
The airplanes ______ is designed to to take advantage of both Newton's laws and Bernoulli's principle.
What is the airplanes wing shape?
This acts opposite the direction of flight, opposes the forward acting component of thrust, and limits the forward speed of the airplane.
What is drag?
Drag that increases as airspeed increases.
What is parasite drag?
Caused by separation of airflow from the wings upper surface.
What is a stall?
The 4 forces of flight are in equilibrium.
What is unaccelerated flight?
Angle created by the chord line of the wing and the relative wind.
What is angle of attack?
This is caused by any aircraft surface that deflects or interferes with the smooth airflow around the airplane.
What is parasite drag?
This phenomenon is associated with the reduction of induced drag when flying close to the ground, as in takeoffs and landings. It is negligible when the aircraft is about one wingspan above the surface.
What is ground effect?
A stall always occurs at the same angle, regardless of airspeed, flight attitude, or weight
What is the critical angle of attack?
Force that opposes drag.
What is thrust?
The deflection of the oncoming airstream upward and over the wing.
What is upwash?
Form drag, skin friction drag, interference drag.
What are three types of parasite drag?
Changing the airspeed, changing the angle of attack, and high lift devices.
What is pilot controlled lift?
This design feature is incorporated into wing design and helps the wing root of the airplane to stall prior to the wing tip.
What is angle of incidence/wing twist?
Force that opposes weight.
What is lift?
The increase in speed of the air on top of an airfoil produces a drop in pressure and this lowered pressure is a component of total lift. The decrease in speed of the air on the bottom of an airfoil produces an increase in pressure.
What is Bernoulli's principle?
This is generated by the airflow circulation around the wing as it creates lift.
What is induced drag?
The high pressure air beneath the wing joins the the low pressure air above the wing at the trailing edge and wingtips causing a spiral vortex.
What are wing tip vortices?
The first step in recovering from a stall.
What is reduce the angle of attack?
The upward force created by the effect of airflow as it passes over and under the wing.
What is lift?
Planform, camber, and aspect ratio.
What are design factors that affect a wings lift capacity?
Drag that increases as airspeed decreases.
What is induced drag?
The point on the total drag curve where the total lift capacity of the airplane. when compared to the total drag of the airplane, is most favorable.
What is L/Dmax?
Accelerated, cross controlled, power on, and power off.
What are types of stalls?