Industry History & Trends
In 2005, this popular video-sharing website was founded.
What is YouTube?
This amendment protects the freedom of speech and the press, though it has exceptions for things like eavesdropping and public photography.
What is the First Amendment?
Also known as the slugline, this element is written in uppercase and indicates where and when a scene takes place.
What is a Scene Heading?
This video composition technique simplifies balancing a shot by using imaginary horizontal and vertical lines to divide the shot into nine equal blocks.
What is the "rule of thirds"?
This common editing method uses digital computer technology and allows the editor to work flexibly on any part of the production at any time.
What is Nonlinear Editing?
This U.S. commission was formed in 1934 to regulate all wire communication, including telephone, radio, and TV.
What is the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?
This legal concept allows copyrighted material to be reproduced without receiving permission or paying fees for purposes like news reporting, teaching, and scholarly research.
What is Fair Use?
This type of script is scrutinized, revised, and intended to serve as a blueprint of the production, complete with technical aspects.
What is a shooting script?
This type of framing shot provides an overall sense of location and environment.
What is a wide (or establishing) shot?
This editing theory suggests that by putting certain images and footage together, it is possible to create meaning that did not exist for each clip individually.
What is the Kuleshov effect?
Ultra High Definition (UHD) includes 4K as well as this resolution, which has 4320p and is typically used for movie theaters, medical, and military applications.
What is 8K?
This act allows individuals to file a request to gain public access to important information held by public authorities.
What is the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)?
These are technical notes for actors regarding a character’s attitude, tone, or minor movement, and are written below the character’s name without capitalization.
What are parentheticals?
A camera angle shot from below eye level can make a subject appear this way.
What is aggressive, ominous, or dominant?
This term refers to "silence" recorded on location capturing only background noise, which editors often lay under dialogue to mask differences between takes.
What is room tone?
In 1972, Ed Catmull and Fred Parke created the first example of 3D digital rendering, which was a short film with this title.
What is "A Computer Animated Hand"?
These laws legally bind individuals to payments or obligations and can be limited, strict, or vicarious.
What are Liability Laws?
Meaning "voice-over," this standard extension abbreviation is used when audio is recorded separately and laid over the video.
What is V.O.?
This camera movement involves the entire camera moving from side to side and is also known as a crab.
What is trucking?
This is the process of re-recording audio in a studio in synchronization with the video to replace poorly recorded dialogue.
What is ADR (automated dialogue replacement)?
In 1826, this pioneer achieved the first photographic image.
Who is Joseph Nicéphore Niépce?
Under the FCC, this division enforces laws governing obscenity, indecency, and profanity in broadcasts.
What is the broadcast division?
Left-aligned and uppercase, examples of these film editing instructions include "CUT TO:" and "FADE TO:" and they generally only appear in shooting scripts.
What are Transitions?
These realistic, artificially created action noises, such as footsteps synchronized with visuals, are recorded separately from video and added during post-production.
What are Foley sounds?
This was the very first way to edit moving pictures, involving physically cutting sections of the film and taping them back together.
What is Film Splicing?