Recall
The cranial bone that houses the pituitary gland in the sella turcica.
What is Sphenoid Bone?
The foramen magnum is damaged, what vital connection between systems are affected.
What is the connection between the brain and spinal cord?
A fracture at the occipital condyles occurs. Which vertebra would be directly impacted and what motion could be impaired.
What is Atlas (C1); impaired nodding 'yes'?
Compare the structural differences between cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. Why are lumbar vertebrae so much larger.
Skull cranial bones.
What are Frontal, Sphenoid, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Ethmoid.
The only moveable bone of the skull.
What is Mandible?
A blow to the cheek damages the zygomatic bone. Which neighboring bone(s) could also be affected?
If the mandibular condyle were missing, which joint would fail to function.
What is temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
Explain how the axial skeleton adapts to bipedalism (walking upright). Mention the foramen magnum and spinal curvatures.
What is foramen magnum located inferiorly; S-shaped curvature for balance?
The 5 parts of the vertebral column.
This is the number of cervical vertebrae in the vertebral column.
What is 7?
A patient cannot nod 'yes' but can rotate 'no'. Which vertebra is most likely damaged.
What is the Atlas (C1)?
A student's spine shows an exaggerated posterior curvature in the thoracic region. What condition is this and how might it affect breathing.
What is Kyphosis; reduces lung expansion?
Why does damage to the temporal bone often involve both hearing and balance problems.
What is due to temporal bone housing auditory and vestibular structures?
Thoracic cage consist of.
Sternum and Ribs
This part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles.
What is Manubrium?
If the intervertebral discs between lumbar vertebrae deteriorate, which functions of the spine are impacted.
What is the weight-bearing and shock absorption function impaired?
If ribs 8-10 are fractured, why are they considered 'false ribs' and how does their connection differ from ribs 1-7.
What is that they connect indirectly via cartilage; unlike ribs 1-7 which connect directly to the sternum?
The mandible and maxilla both support teeth. Why is one movable and the other not? What advantage does this give?
What is the mandible is moveable for chewing and speaking. Maxilla is fused to the skull?
Three parts of the sternum and three parts of the ribs.
What is (sternum) manubrium, body, xiphoid process. (ribs) 7 true, 3 false, 2 floating?
Auditory ossicles are located within this bone.
What is Temporal?
If the xiphoid process breaks off, where is it located and what organ(s) might be at risk.
What is located at inferior sternum; risk to diaphragm, liver, or heart?
Predict the outcome if the sacral promontory was malformed during development. How would this affect pelvic stability.
What is pelvic instability, issues with weight distribution, and possible gait problems?
Associated bones
What is hyoid and auditory ossicles?