Between the Verte-lines
This fibrous band of pia mater extends laterally from the spinal cord, anchoring it to the dura
What are the denticulate ligaments?
This imaging study is the gold standard for detecting MS.
What is MRI?
Remember SPACE AND TIME.
This type of immune cell is a key driver of CNS myelin destruction.
BROWNIE PTS for the subtype.
What are T-lymphocytes? CD8 specifically.
In MS, autoreactive T cells cross this barrier to enter the CNS.
What is the blood–brain barrier?
This is the primary goal in medical therapy for MS.
Can be broad will accept almost anything
What is reduction in relapses and slow its progression?
At the L1–L2 vertebral level, the spinal cord tapers into this cone-shaped structure.
What is the conus medullaris?
On MRI, MS plaques are most often seen in this part of the brain.
What is the periventricular region?
TO THE SLIDES (2)
In acute MS lesions, this supportive glial cell type is actively lost or damaged.
What are oligodendrocytes?
CNS or PNS?
MS lesions disrupt this key nerve process, slowing or blocking conduction.
Be Specific
What is saltatory conduction?
TO THE SLIDES
Slide 5
This injectable medication was the first disease-modifying therapy approved for MS.
What is interferon beta?
This structure, formed by pia mater, anchors the spinal cord longitudinally to the coccyx?
What is the filum terminale?
This cerebrospinal fluid finding is present in over 90% of MS patients.
What are oligoclonal bands?
TO THE CASE
Slide 3
This syndrome can be thought of the sister syndrome of MS but for the PNS.
What is GBS?
DOUBLE points if you can name me 2 bugs.
These cells and proteins contribute to the myelin phagocytosis in MS.
Give me both
What are complement and macrophages?
In severe relapses unresponsive to steroids, this blood-filtration procedure may be used.
Hint: dont think of MS think about the clue.
What is plasmapheresis?
This is rarely ever used anymore for MS -->
can see in GBS
This space contains the CSF where LP's are drawn from?
What is the subarachnoid space?
In optic neuritis, this classic eye exam finding is often present.
What is an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus Gunn pupil)?
In progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), demyelination is caused by reactivation of this virus.
What is the JC virus?
Dysfunction of this system leads to
- bowel bladder incontinence
- paroxysmal HTN, bradycardia, anxiety, sweating
What is the autonomic nervous system?
This drug is a monoclonal antibody that blocks a4-integrin on leukocytes to prevent CNS entry
What is natalizumab?
The enlarged space in the lumbar region of the subarachnoid space where CSF is withdrawn during a spinal tap.
What is the lumbar cistern?
This formal set of criteria guides the diagnosis of MS using clinical, MRI, and CSF findings.
What are the McDonald criteria?
TO THE SLIDES
Slide 4
In neuromyelitis optica (NMO), the autoimmune attack targets this water channel protein.
What is aquaporin-4?
MS Sx (especially fatigue) are often worsened upon exposure to this.
What is heat/increased temperature?
Uhthoff's phenomenon
Case correlation: she moved to FL
The most feared complication of natalizumab therapy is reactivation of this virus.
What is the JC virus (causing PML).