Worldview & Beliefs
What was the name of the campaign led by Spain to forcefully convert or deport Jews and Muslims?
The Spanish Inquisition
What was the top of the Aztec social pyramid?
The Emperor
What was the form of currency used by the Aztecs?
Cocoa beans
What are the "Four C's" that motivated Spain?
Who served as translator and spy for Cortes?
Malinche
What was the difference between the number of Gods that Europeans worshiped versus the Aztecs?
Europeans - Monotheism (one god)
Aztecs - Polytheism (many gods)
Who made up the lowest class in both Aztec and Spanish society?
Peasants and serfs
Who preserved Greek and Roman texts in medieval Spain?
Muslim scholars
Who was the first Spaniard to land in the New World in 1492?
Christopher Columbus
Which disease wiped out a large portion of the Aztec population?
Smallpox
Why did the Spanish expel Jews and Muslims after 1492?
They wanted religious unity under Christianity
Who were the monarchs of Spain during the Conquest of the Americas?
Ferdinand and Isabella
What type of religious building is associated with Muslim rule in Spain?
Mosques
What was the name of Catholic priests who sailed overseas to convert non-Christians?
Missionaries
What were two technological advantages that the Spanish had over the Aztecs?
Steel, firearms, horses
What was the purpose of the Aztec human sacrifices?
To keep the gods strong and maintain cosmic balance
Who had the power to enforce religious law in Spain?
The clergy
What are chinampas?
Aztec floating gardens
What long military campaign ended in 1492 and shaped Spanish motives?
Reconquista
Who did the Spanish ally with the help take down the Aztecs?
The Tlaxcalans
What did some Aztecs believe about Cortés when he arrived?
That he might be the god Quetzalcoatl
How did Cortés use Montezuma to control the Aztecs?
He took him hostage and used him as a political tool
What was the main difference in the education systems between the Aztecs and the Spanish?
Aztecs had universal education, Spanish only educated noble children
What economic assets did Spain primarily hope to find in the New World?
Gold and silver
What were the five steps of the Conquistador formula?
1) Scout area, 2) Demand submission, 3) Capture leader, 4) Use force/allies, 5) Enforce rule and convert population