Penicillins
MOA of penicillin?
Inhibits PBP
What is the mechanism of resistance of MRSA?
treatment?
Altered PBPs
vancomycin
treatment of MSSA?
Which aminopenicillin has good oral bioavailability?
amoxicillin
IV: ampicillin
Name 2 first generation cephalosporins
(1) Cefazolin
(2) Cephalexin
What is the spectrum of activity of monobactams?
Aerobic gram (-) rods
(DOC for Enterobacter)
Are penicillins resistant to B-lactamase?
No
Adverse effects of vancomycin?
(1) Redman syndrome
(2) Thrombophlebitis
(3) Ototoxicity
(4) Nephrotoxicity
(5) DRESS syndrome
Which aminopenicillin is used to treat listeria?
pseudomonas?
listeria: ampicillin
psuedomonas: piperacillin
What is the DROGOFCHOYS for surgical prophylaxis?
cefazolin
What antibiotic should you use when infection is resistant to multiple other treatments?
Carbapenems
e.g klebsiella
Which penicillin is oral vs IV?
G: IV
MOA: vancomyicn
Binds D-ala-D-ala ⇒ Inhibits cell wall synthesis
(Unlike penicillins which bind PBP)
B-lactamase inhibitor pairings?
amoxicillin: clavulonate
ampicillin: sulbactam
piperacillin: tazobactam
Name 3 second generation cephalosporins
(1) Cefuroxime
(2) Cefotetan
(3) Cefoxitin
Second generation has additional coverage of:
(1) H. influenzae
(2) Neisseria
(3) Serratia
Adverse Effects (2) : Carbapenems
(1) GI distress
(2) Skin rash
Adverse effects of penicillins?
(1) Type I hypersensitivity ⇒ Anaphylaxis
(2) IgG hemolytic anemia
(3) Drug-induced interstitial nephritis
Mechanism of vancomycin resistance?
Altered peptidoglycan structure ⇒ D-ala-D-lac
Adverse Effects (2) : Aminopenicillins
(1) Steven-Johnson syndrome
(2) Drug induced liver injury
(And the usual side effects of all penicillins)
Name 3 third generation cephalosporins
(1) Ceftriaxone
(2) Cefotaxime
(3) Ceftazidime
Name an antibiotic which lowers the seizure theshold
imipenem
Name 2 gram (-) organisms which can be treated with Penicillin
(1) Treponema pallidum
(2) Neisseria meningitis
When is Vancomycin administered orally?
C. diff
otherwise IV
What antibiotic is used as prophylaxis against encapsulated bacteria in asplenic patients?
before dental procedures for patients at risk of endocarditis?
amoxicillin
also amoxicillin
Which Cephalosporins are considered broad spectrum?
(1) Cefepime
(2) Ceftaroline
active against MRSA, resistant to β-lactamase inhibitors (along with 3rd gen)
What drug should be used in patients with meningitis and a penicillin allergy?
aztreonam