Schedules & Operant ID
A manager gives a bonus for exceeding quotas; the rate of exceeding quotas increases. This is...
Positive Reinforcement
The stimulus that is initially neutral but comes to trigger a conditioned response.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
Latent Learning
Innately reinforcing stimuli that satisfy a biological need.
Primary Reinforcers
A dolphin trainer blows a whistle after the dolphin jumps, increasing the jumping rate. This is...
Positive Reinforcement
This schedule reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.
Variable Interval (VI)
The spread of a response to stimuli similar to the one that was conditioned.
Stimulus Generalization
A form of problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden understanding of a solution.
Insight Learning
The principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences are repeated.
The Law of Effect
A waiter gets a $10 tip for every five tables served. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?
Fixed Ratio (FR)
Alex's father removes car privileges when Alex is late, reducing lateness. This is...
Negative Punishment
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a pause.
Spontaneous Recovery
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.
Social Learning Theory
The tendency for an animal to revert to biologically preprogrammed instinctive behaviors.
Instinctive Drift
The tendency for a classically conditioned response to return after a rest period.
Spontaneous Recovery
A slot machine pays out after an unpredictable number of plays. This is a...
Variable Ratio (VR)
Avoidance of food associated with discomfort, often established in only one pairing.
Taste Aversion
The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.
Learned Helplessness
What naturally triggers a response without prior learning?
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
When a child behaves well for an entire day, the child earns a star; the star is best described as...
Secondary Reinforcer
Maria turns off loud music when her phone rings to stop the noise. Her action is...
Negative Reinforcement
Making a response to one stimulus but not to another similar one.
Stimulus Discrimination
A mental representation of the layout of one's environment.
Cognitive Maps
An event that strengthens the behavior it follows.
Reinforcement
A child stops throwing toys across the room to avoid mandatory alone time. This is an example of...
Negative Punishment