Responding to Change
During a nervous system response, a _________ is detected by a receptor.
Stimulus
Which is faster, reflex action or normal response pathway?
Reflex
Blood glucose concentration, body temp, water levels
When glucose levels are high, _________ is released by the pancreas.
insulin
Name 1 advantage and disadvantage of taking the contraceptive pill.
advantage: effective if taken correctly, lightens periods, no interruptions
Disadvantage: no STI protection, have to be vigilant about time taken
Rod and Cone cells in the eye are examples of __________ cells.
Receptor
Name 2 examples of involuntary actions
blinking, breathing, sneezing, reflexes
Which gland releases insulin and glucagon?
Pancreas
When glucose levels are too low, ___________ is released by the pancreas.
Glucagon
What is the job of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
maintains uterus lining
In a nervous system response, which type of neurone does the signal go through after it is detected by the receptor?
Sensory
The tiny gap where 2 neurones meet is called a _____
synapse
How does the endocrine (hormone) system differ from the nervous system in terms of speed -- how long it takes for a response AND how long the effects last.
endocrine: slow but lasts longer
nervous system: fast but doesn't last long
Which hormone controls release of the egg?
LH
What is an example of an effector?
Muscle, organs
Electric signals cross the gap using chemicals called ________________
neurotransmitters
How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system in terms of how the signals travel through the body?
Nervous system: nerves, neurones
Endocrine: blood
break down glycogen
What is one advantage of using the progesterone patch over the progesterone pill?
- don't have to remember to take the pill every day
- steady release -- no vomiting
Fill in the blanks for a nervous system response:
Stimulus -> Receptor -> ____ -> ____ -> _____ -> effector
Sensory neurone, CNS, motor neurone
What is the main difference between a reflex response and a normal response pathway?
Reflex response passes through relay neurone instead of CNS
Which gland is called the 'master gland'?
Pituitary
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1: can't produce insulin -- needs shots
Type 2: insulin receptors don't respond to insulin -- diet and exercise
Why is progesterone used in contraceptives?
It thickens the mucus in the cervix so sperm can't pass through