B2+ Unit 4-9 Jeopardy Template

Unit 4-5

Unit 6-7

Unit 8-9

Unit 10

500

Type 0 and 1 Conditional. Explain the verb tenses, use and give an example.

Zero Conditional: The zero conditional is used to express general truths or facts, describing situations that are always true or predictable. It is structured with the present simple tense in both the if-clause and the main clause.

Structure: If + present simple, present simple

Example: If you heat water, it boils. Explanation: This sentence expresses a cause-and-effect relationship. It states that whenever you heat water (the condition), it always boils (the result).

First Conditional: The first conditional is used to talk about specific future possibilities or outcomes that are likely to happen based on a certain condition. It is structured with the present simple tense in the if-clause and the future simple tense (will + base form of the verb) or the imperative mood in the main clause.

Structure: If + present simple, future simple/will + base form/imperative

Example 1: If it rains, I will stay at home. Explanation: This sentence presents a possible future situation. If it rains (the condition), I will stay at home (the result).

500

Reporting verbs. Example and use.

Reporting Verbs: Reporting verbs are used to introduce the reported speech. They provide information about how the words or thoughts are being reported. Some common reporting verbs include "say," "tell," "ask," "explain," "state," "mention," and "claim."

Example 1: Direct Speech: "I will go to the party," she said. Indirect Speech: She said she would go to the party. Explanation: In this example, the reporting verb "said" is used to introduce the reported speech. The reported sentence is changed from the present tense to the past tense in indirect speech.

Example 2: Direct Speech: "Could you help me with this?" he asked. Indirect Speech: He asked if I could help him with that. Explanation: In this example, the reporting verb "asked" is used to introduce the reported speech. The question is transformed into an indirect question, and the pronouns and verb forms may change based on the context.

500

Quantifiers. Explanation and use.

Quantifiers: Quantifiers are words or phrases that provide information about the quantity or amount of nouns. They help express ideas of quantity, such as how much or how many. Common quantifiers include "some," "any," "many," "much," "few," "several," "a few," "a little," "a lot of," "plenty of," "most," and "all."

Example 1: She has some money in her wallet. Explanation: In this example, the quantifier "some" is used before the noun "money" to indicate an unspecified or indefinite quantity. It suggests that there is an amount of money, but the specific quantity is not mentioned.

Example 2: I have many books on my shelf. Explanation: Here, the quantifier "many" is used before the noun "books" to indicate a large number or quantity. It suggests that there is a significant number of books on the speaker's shelf.

500

Gerund and infinitive. Verbs always followed by gerund. Mention five verbs each with an example.

Verbs followed by gerunds:

Enjoy: I enjoy swimming in the ocean. Explanation: "Swimming" is a gerund that acts as the object of the verb "enjoy."
Avoid: She avoids eating sugary foods. Explanation: "Eating" is a gerund that serves as the object of the verb "avoid."
Consider: They considered moving to a new city. Explanation: "Moving" is a gerund that acts as the object of the verb "consider."
Practice: He practices playing the guitar every day. Explanation: "Playing" is a gerund that serves as the object of the verb "practice."
Recommend: The doctor recommended exercising regularly. Explanation: "Exercising" is a gerund that acts as the object of the verb "recommend."

600

Type 2 and 3 Conditional. Explain the verb tenses, use and give an example.

Type 2 Conditional: The type 2 conditional is used to describe hypothetical or unreal situations in the present or future. It implies that the condition is unlikely or improbable to be fulfilled. This conditional type is structured with the past simple tense in the if-clause and the present conditional (would + base form of the verb) in the main clause.

Structure: If + past simple, would + base form

Example: If I had a million dollars, I would buy a mansion. Explanation: This sentence presents an unreal situation in the present. The condition "If I had a million dollars" is unlikely to be true, but if it were true, the result "I would buy a mansion" would follow.

Type 3 Conditional: The type 3 conditional is used to talk about hypothetical or unreal situations in the past. It implies that the condition was not fulfilled and is impossible to change. This conditional type is structured with the past perfect tense in the if-clause and the past conditional (would have + past participle) in the main clause.

Structure: If + past perfect, would have + past participle

Example: If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam. Explanation: This sentence describes an unreal situation in the past. The condition "If she had studied harder" was not fulfilled, and as a result, she did not pass the exam.

600

Reporting clauses. Example and use.

Reporting Clauses: Reporting clauses provide additional information about how the words were spoken or the context in which they were said. They often include words like "that," "if," "whether," "who," or "why."

Example 1: Direct Speech: "I can't come to the meeting," she said. Indirect Speech: She said that she couldn't come to the meeting. Explanation: In this example, the reporting clause "that she couldn't come to the meeting" is used to provide additional information about what was said.

Example 2: Direct Speech: "I don't know where he went," she wondered. Indirect Speech: She wondered where he had gone. Explanation: In this example, the reporting clause "where he had gone" is used to convey the person's thoughts and the reported information about someone's whereabouts.

600

Participle clauses. Explanation, use and example.

Explanation: Participle clauses are structured similarly to relative clauses but without a relative pronoun. They often begin with a present participle (-ing form) or a past participle (-ed or irregular form), followed by the subject of the clause. Participial clauses can be used in both written and spoken English to make sentences more concise and add descriptive or background information.

Use:

Descriptive Details: Participle clauses can be used to provide additional details about the subject of the main clause. They add descriptive information, often describing the state, action, or characteristics of the subject.

Example: The dog barking loudly chased after the squirrel. Explanation: In this example, the participial clause "barking loudly" describes the dog. It adds descriptive detail to the sentence, indicating the nature of the dog's action.

Background Information: Participle clauses can be used to provide background information about the subject or the main action of the sentence. They add additional context or detail to the main clause.

Example: Exhausted from the long journey, she went straight to bed. Explanation: Here, the participial clause "exhausted from the long journey" provides background information about the subject (she) and explains why she went straight to bed.

Simultaneous Actions: Participle clauses can also express actions that happen at the same time as the main action in the sentence. They show simultaneous actions or events.

Example: Feeling nervous, he took a deep breath and stepped onto the stage. Explanation: In this example, the participial clause "feeling nervous" indicates the simultaneous state of the subject (he) while he took a deep breath and stepped onto the stage.

600

Gerund and infinitive. Verbs always followed by infinitive. Mention five verbs each with an example.

Verbs followed by infinitives:

Want: She wants to learn how to play the piano. Explanation: "To learn" is an infinitive that functions as the object of the verb "want."
Need: We need to finish the project by tomorrow. Explanation: "To finish" is an infinitive that serves as the complement of the verb "need."
Plan: They plan to travel around the world next year. Explanation: "To travel" is an infinitive that functions as the complement of the verb "plan."
Decide: He decided to take a vacation this summer. Explanation: "To take" is an infinitive that serves as the complement of the verb "decide."
Agree: They agreed to meet at the café for lunch. Explanation: "To meet" is an infinitive that functions as the complement of the verb "agree."

700

Explain the difference in use for future with present continuous and will. Also, give an example each.

Future with Present Continuous: The present continuous tense can be used to talk about planned or arranged future events. It suggests that the event is already scheduled, agreed upon, or in the process of being organized. It is often used when discussing future plans or events with a specific time frame.

Structure: Subject + is/are + present participle (verb+ing)

Example: I am meeting my friend tomorrow for lunch. Explanation: In this example, the present continuous tense "am meeting" is used to indicate that the speaker has already made arrangements to meet their friend for lunch. The event is planned or scheduled to happen in the future.

Future with "Will": The auxiliary verb "will" is commonly used to express the future in English. It is used to talk about predictions, spontaneous decisions, offers, promises, or general future events where there is no prior arrangement or specific time frame.

Structure: Subject + will + base form of the verb

Example: I will visit my grandparents next week. Explanation: In this example, "will visit" is used to express the speaker's intention or decision to visit their grandparents in the future. There is no prearranged plan or specific time frame mentioned.

700

Passive voice formation and use with examples.

Formation of the Passive Voice: The passive voice is formed by using the following structure: Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + past participle of the main verb

Example 1: Active Voice: The teacher explains the lesson. Passive Voice: The lesson is explained by the teacher.

Example 2: Active Voice: They are building a new house. Passive Voice: A new house is being built by them.

Use of the Passive Voice: a. When the doer is unknown or unimportant: Example: Active Voice: The car was stolen. Passive Voice: The car was stolen. (The focus is on the action of stealing rather than who did it.)

b. When the doer is implied or obvious: Example: Active Voice: The cake was baked. Passive Voice: The cake was baked. (It is implied that someone baked the cake, but it may not be necessary to mention the doer.)

c. To emphasize the action rather than the doer: Example: Active Voice: They completed the project. Passive Voice: The project was completed. (The focus is on the completion of the project rather than who completed it.)

d. In scientific or technical writing: Example: Active Voice: The researchers conducted the experiment. Passive Voice: The experiment was conducted by the researchers. (Passive voice is often used in scientific writing to emphasize objectivity and focus on the experiment rather than the researchers.)

e. When the doer is known but not important to the sentence: Example: Active Voice: John painted the picture. Passive Voice: The picture was painted. (The focus is on the picture being painted, and it is not necessary to mention John.)

700

Use of the articles. Example and exceptions.

Definite Article "The": "The" is used to refer to specific or known nouns. It indicates that the noun is unique or previously mentioned.

Example 1: I saw the cat in the garden. Explanation: In this sentence, "the" is used before "cat" because the speaker is referring to a specific cat that is known or has been mentioned before.

Example 2: The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in Paris. Explanation: Here, "the" is used before "Eiffel Tower" because it refers to a specific and well-known landmark.

Exceptions:

The definite article is not used with general or uncountable nouns when referring to them in a broad or non-specific sense. Example: I like music. (Not "I like the music.")

Indefinite Articles "A" and "An": "A" and "an" are used to refer to non-specific or general nouns. "A" is used before words that begin with consonant sounds, while "an" is used before words that begin with vowel sounds.

Example 1: I saw a cat in the garden. Explanation: In this sentence, "a" is used before "cat" because the speaker is referring to any non-specific cat, not a particular one.

Example 2: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Explanation: Here, "an" is used before "apple" because "apple" starts with a vowel sound.

Exceptions:

The indefinite article is not used with plural nouns or uncountable nouns. Example: I like cats. (Not "I like a cats.") Example: I need water. (Not "I need a water.")

700

Difference in meaning of verbs when followed by gerund or infinitive. List them and give and example.

Remember:

a) Remember + Gerund: I remember swimming in the lake as a child. In this example, "remember" followed by the gerund "swimming" indicates a personal memory or recollection of the action.

b) Remember + Infinitive: Please remember to lock the door before leaving. Here, "remember" followed by the infinitive "to lock" emphasizes the importance of performing the action in the future.

Stop:

a) Stop + Gerund: She stopped talking when the teacher entered the room. In this case, "stop" followed by the gerund "talking" indicates the cessation of an ongoing action.

b) Stop + Infinitive: He stopped to talk to his friend on the way home. In contrast, "stop" followed by the infinitive "to talk" means to interrupt what one is doing in order to engage in a different action.

Like:

a) Like + Gerund: They like playing soccer on weekends. Here, "like" followed by the gerund "playing" expresses a general enjoyment or preference for the activity.

b) Like + Infinitive: I would like to visit Paris someday. When "like" is followed by the infinitive "to visit," it indicates a desire or intention to perform the action.

Regret:

a) Regret + Gerund: He regretted not studying harder for the exam. In this example, "regret" followed by the gerund "not studying" indicates remorse or a feeling of disappointment regarding a past action or inaction.

b) Regret + Infinitive: She regretted to inform them that the event had been canceled. When "regret" is followed by the infinitive "to inform," it suggests that the speaker feels sorry about having to convey a particular message.

Try:

a) Try + Gerund: I tried calling her, but she didn't answer. In this case, "try" followed by the gerund "calling" indicates an attempt or effort to perform an action.

b) Try + Infinitive: Why don't you try to solve the puzzle yourself? Here, "try" followed by the infinitive "to solve" suggests making an attempt or effort to achieve a particular outcome.

800

Explain the difference in use for future with going to and will. Also, give an example each.

Future with "Going to": "Going to" is used to express plans, intentions, or predictions based on evidence or current circumstances. It implies that there is a specific intention or plan in place, or there are observable signs that the future event will occur.

Structure: Subject + am/are/is + going to + base form of the verb

Example: I am going to buy a new car next month. Explanation: In this example, "am going to buy" indicates the speaker's plan or intention to purchase a new car. They have already made the decision and have a specific plan for the future event.

Future with "Will": "Will" is a versatile auxiliary verb used to express the future in various contexts. It can be used for predictions, spontaneous decisions, offers, promises, or general future events. "Will" is often used when there is no prior plan or intention, and the decision or action is made at the time of speaking.

Structure: Subject + will + base form of the verb

Example: I will help you with your project. Explanation: In this example, "will help" expresses the speaker's spontaneous decision or willingness to assist with the project. There is no pre-existing plan or intention mentioned.

800

Passive voice with infinitive and gerund. Example and use.

Passive Voice with Infinitives: The passive voice can be formed with infinitives by using the structure: "to be" + past participle + infinitive.

Example: Active Voice: They expect him to finish the project. Passive Voice: He is expected to finish the project.

Explanation: In the active voice, "they" expect "him" to finish the project. In the passive voice, the focus shifts to the person being expected, and the sentence becomes "He is expected to finish the project."

Passive Voice with Gerunds: The passive voice can be formed with gerunds by using the structure: "being" + past participle + gerund.

Example: Active Voice: They appreciate him taking the initiative. Passive Voice: His taking the initiative is appreciated.

Explanation: In the active voice, "they" appreciate "him" taking the initiative. In the passive voice, the focus is on the action of taking the initiative, and the sentence becomes "His taking the initiative is appreciated."

The use of passive voice with infinitives and gerunds allows the focus to be on the action or the object rather than the doer. It is particularly useful when the emphasis is on the action or when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or implied.

800

Prepositions in relative clauses. Use and examples.

Prepositions of Location: Prepositions like "in," "on," "at," "under," "over," "behind," etc., are used to indicate the location of the noun being referred to.

Example 1: The house in which she lives is near the park. Explanation: In this sentence, the preposition "in" is used in the relative clause to indicate the location of the house. It provides additional information about where she lives.

Example 2: The desk on which the book is placed is made of wood. Explanation: Here, the preposition "on" is used to indicate the location of the desk. It specifies where the book is placed.

Prepositions of Time: Prepositions like "during," "in," "at," "after," "before," etc., are used to indicate time relationships.

Example 1: The day on which they met was sunny. Explanation: In this sentence, the preposition "on" is used to indicate the day when they met. It adds information about the specific time of the meeting.

Example 2: The period for which he stayed in London was six months. Explanation: Here, the preposition "for" is used to indicate the duration of his stay. It provides information about the length of time he stayed in London.

Prepositions of Possession: Prepositions like "of," "to," "for," etc., can indicate possession or relationships of ownership.

Example 1: The book whose cover is torn belongs to me. Explanation: In this sentence, the preposition "whose" is used to indicate possession. It specifies that the book with the torn cover belongs to the speaker.

Example 2: The car for which I paid a lot of money is now broken. Explanation: Here, the preposition "for" is used to indicate the relationship of ownership. It indicates that the car, which the speaker paid a lot of money for, is now broken.

800

Indefinite pronouns. Example and use.

Whatever: "Whatever" is an indefinite pronoun used to refer to any thing or things, regardless of the specific identity or details. It suggests a lack of concern or preference for the specific options available.

Formation: Whatever

Example 1: You can choose whatever you like from the menu. Explanation: In this example, "whatever" is used to indicate that the person has the freedom to choose any item they prefer from the menu.

Example 2: I'll support you no matter whatever happens. Explanation: Here, "whatever" is used to convey that the speaker's support is unconditional, regardless of the specific circumstances or outcomes.

Whoever: "Whoever" is an indefinite pronoun used to refer to any person or people, without specifying their identity. It implies an open or unrestricted selection of individuals.

Formation: Whoever

Example 1: Whoever arrives first should reserve the seats. Explanation: In this sentence, "whoever" indicates that any person who arrives first should take the responsibility of reserving the seats.

Example 2: I will hire whoever meets the qualifications for the job. Explanation: Here, "whoever" is used to emphasize that anyone who meets the qualifications is eligible for consideration and potential employment.

Whenever: "Whenever" is an indefinite adverb used to refer to any time or times without specifying a particular moment. It suggests that an action or event can occur at any unspecified time.

Formation: Whenever

Example 1: You can contact me whenever you need assistance. Explanation: In this example, "whenever" is used to convey that the person can reach out for help or support at any time they require it.

Example 2: We usually go for a walk whenever the weather is nice. Explanation: Here, "whenever" indicates that the action of going for a walk occurs whenever the weather is favorable, without specifying specific instances.