Muscle Structure and Function
This is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber where metabolism occurs.
What is sarcoplasm?
The two protein filaments that slide past each other during contraction.
What are actin and myosin?
This type of joint allows movement in one direction only (e.g., elbow).
What is a hinge joint?
The functional unit of the kidney.
What is a nephron?
The hormone that increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
These repeating units within myofibrils are responsible for muscle contraction.
What are sarcomeres?
This event occurs when myosin heads pull actin filaments inward.
What is the power stroke?
This fluid lubricates joints and provides nutrients to cartilage.
What is synovial fluid?
This process forces plasma out of the blood into Bowman’s capsule.
What is ultrafiltration?
These proteins allow water to move through cell membranes in the collecting duct.
What are aquaporins?
This structure stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction.
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
This ion binds to troponin to initiate muscle contraction.
What is calcium (Ca²⁺)?
Muscles that work in pairs where one contracts and the other relaxes are called this.
What are antagonistic muscles?
This structure is a cluster of capillaries where filtration begins.
What is the glomerulus?
This brain region detects changes in blood osmotic concentration.
What is the hypothalamus?
These organelles provide ATP for muscle contraction and are abundant in muscle cells.
What is the mitochondria?
This molecule binds to myosin heads and is hydrolyzed to provide energy.
What is ATP?
This type of joint allows the greatest range of motion (e.g., hip).
What is a ball-and-socket joint?
This part of the nephron reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, and most water.
What is the proximal convoluted tubule?
This loop structure creates a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla.
What is the loop of Henle?
This membrane controls what enters and exits a muscle fiber.
What is the sarcolemma?
This protein blocks myosin binding sites on actin when the muscle is relaxed.
What is tropomyosin?
This process describes movement from one place to another for survival purposes like migration or foraging.
What is locomotion?
This structure captures filtrate after it leaves the glomerulus.
What is Bowman’s capsule?
This process maintains water balance and solute concentration in the body.
What is osmoregulation?